Anatomy of the human heart

Anatomy and physiology of the heart have always attracted researchers. And this is understandable, because the heart is the only body that works autonomously. From his work depends on the general state of the body, his health and ill health. In fact, with the first beating of this body, human life begins and with the last blow it stops.

The anatomy of the human heart is quite complicated - the body performs tremendous work, providing the whole body with blood. Externally, the heart looks like a cone, hollow inside and lined with a muscular-fibrous layer. The principle of the heart is determined by its structure. It resembles a two-stage pump: the first stage is the ventricles that pump blood into the atria, and the second stage - the atrium, pushing the blood into the aorta. The ability to inject blood is due to the atrioventricular septum - it works for both the piston and the valve.

Anatomy of the heart, despite the canons prescribed in the textbooks, is entirely individual. Even in its form it can be different depending on many factors. The heart also differs, in most people it is on the left with an offset to the center, and for some it is shifted to the center, and even with a shift to the right. Unequally the heart and the metric parameters - usually it is expanded upward and narrowed down, but the ratio of these figures for all is different (mostly depends on the type of constitution). The heart weight on average ranges from two hundred and fifty grams to three hundred and thirty.

Anatomy of the heart, as the most complex organ, has been sufficiently studied to-day. The heart has a heart bag called the pericardium. It consists, in turn, of three layers that have different thicknesses, are different in their specificity and perform different functions. By structure in the heart, four chambers are separated - the department. These are the left and right ventricles, the left and right auricles. Between the left and right side there is a partition. In the right atrium, a hollow vein enters, and the pulmonary artery approaches the left atrium. From the left ventricle there is an ascending aorta, and from the right - a pulmonary artery.

Anatomy of the heart is also specific because the ventricles are uneven in thickness. For example, the left ventricle has thicker walls (three times thicker than the right wall), since the left ventricle pushes blood out for a large circle of circulation, through which it spreads throughout the body. Because of this, there is more blood pressure in the large circle.

In order that the heart does not fill with the same blood that it throws, the heart has valves. At some point, the valves close the space for blood flow, or open it. This is the movement of blood in the necessary direction.

If the anatomy of the heart is not burdened by pathological phenomena, the work of the heart is rhythmic. Cardiac activity can be conditionally divided into cycles - one cycle contains three stages. At the first stage, blood atrial contractions occur. Through open valves, the blood enters the ventricles, which in turn contract, and the atria on the contrary - relax. At this time, the valves do their work, closing the retreat for blood. In the next phase - a pause, the blood flows smoothly, while the heart rests. It does not last long - a split second.

Anatomy of the heart and its work are extremely complex phenomena. After all, innervation of the heart muscle is due to a number of factors, such as the relationship between the nervous and endocrine systems, the presence of sufficient amounts of potassium and calcium ions. In order to study the activity of the heart and to establish problems with cardiac activity, make an electrocardiogram. With the help of this study, for the most part, diagnoses of cardiac pathologies.