Analysis and synthesis in the economy

In solving a wide range of problems, including economic ones, methods of logical cognition are used, among which analysis and synthesis are singled out. In the aggregate of all methods of logical research, these two are characterized by the fact that they are used practically without restrictions, can be used both at the scientific level of cognition of regularities, and in the ordinary comprehension of facts, phenomena, events.

Analysis is a method of investigation, a logical technique in which the researcher makes a mental dissection of an object or an object of research into conditional components, and then studies each of the selected parts separately. In everyday life, we often use this word, sometimes not paying much attention to the conditions that are advanced by the use of this method in cognition. One of the most important such conditions is that both the analysis and the synthesis used in the study of an object should be divided into thoughts only and exclusively on those components that together constitute the subject of research. Replacing them with analogs and similar components is not allowed, this replacement already means a transition to another method of logical cognition - modeling.

Synthesis is such a logical method in which individual elements of the object of knowledge are combined into a whole and are examined as part of this whole. As can be seen from the content, both methods - analysis and synthesis - represent a dialectical integrity, and therefore in practice, as a rule, they are used (or should be used) together, thus ensuring a higher reliability of the results.

The application of these methods is so widespread that it is directly related in general to the ability of a person to comprehend the rationally surrounding world and the phenomena that occur in it. Nevertheless, their use has a number of features that are determined by the scope of application and the properties of the object or object being studied. For example, analysis and synthesis in the economy is understood as a movement of thought in the "reverse direction", such that reasoning is built from an unknown economic phenomenon to a known phenomenon, and vice versa. It should also be taken into account that both analysis and synthesis, by themselves, do not prove or solve a problem, they are only a means of searching for this solution.

The application of these logical methods in the economy consists in the fact that they reveal the essential aspects of the ongoing economic processes, examine the most important trends in the development of economic activity at the macro and microeconomic levels, global, national and local-regional economic problems.

In addition, the analysis and synthesis of control systems, for example, serves as a starting point in planning and forecasting the economic situation, regardless of the size of the object we are studying, or what form of ownership it belongs to. The use of these logical methods, both independently and as part of a system analysis, allows us to substantiate, basing on the data of science, the whole economic policy of the object that is being studied.

For example, macroeconomic synthesis and analysis in its application cover both world and national economic spheres. The same at the microeconomic level is limited to the consideration of development issues of a single industry, enterprise and even an individual entrepreneur. Here there is a selection as an object of analysis or synthesis of the study of such indicators as the volume of production of commodity output; Value of costs and profitability of the enterprise or firm.

Both synthesis and analysis in the economic sphere have several varieties, conditioned by the interests and goals of the research itself. So, if we need to learn about the past development trends of the enterprise, a retrospective option is applied, and if we want to "look" into the future - promising.

The most productive combination of these methods is considered to be a combination of the combined methodology, for example, with a system approach to the study of the object. This ensures the preservation of all the advantages of methods, with the leveling of their shortcomings, by using other methods of cognition.