A set of solar batteries for a summer residence. Installation of solar panels

As the development of autonomous energy sources is becoming increasingly popular and economically feasible installation in the country and home solar panels. Nowadays, technologies have appeared that make it possible to receive from the sun not only electric current, but also thermal energy in an amount sufficient to heat the house. Heating by solar batteries implies the use of a special system in which water circulates, converting kinetic energy into thermal energy. The heated liquid then enters the special radiator systems installed in the house, and it becomes warmer there.

So far, it's only possible to use the sun to heat the house, because if you connect heaters to ordinary solar cells, even economical infrared emitters, they simply do not have enough power for normal operation.

But let's talk about the panels used as a source of electricity. Installing solar panels as the main source of energy can help solve all the problems with interruptions in energy supply simultaneously.

What are the types?

They can be divided into two main types. These are silicon batteries and film.

Film photosensitive elements only began to produce. They are produced in Denmark. The advantage is that by deploying a roll of such a film on the roof, it can be cut and adjusted to fit. The battery is not very powerful, but it is cheaper than others, because it does not require the most expensive materials for its manufacture.

Solar home batteries , based on silicon wafers, are still considered the most popular and affordable option. If you compare with other types of batteries, then silicon can be called the most effective. Silicon batteries can be monocrystalline or polycrystalline.

Single-crystal

Monocrystalline panels are composed of cells joined together, the production of which uses the purest silicon. This material is obtained by the Czochralski method. When the single crystal freezes, it is divided into plates, the thickness of which does not exceed 300 μm. These elements are covered with a network of copper conductors, by means of which an electric current is removed from them. Such a set of solar batteries for cottages is the most effective, it is able to provide an efficiency of 22% or higher. But its price is rather big, because the process of manufacturing panels is quite complicated and expensive.

Polycrystalline solar cells

Molten silicon forms a so-called polycrystal under slow cooling. This process implies the use of not so much energy, so it is not surprising that polycrystalline solar panels for the house are cheaper. The disadvantage of polycrystalline solar panels is their relatively low efficiency (up to 17%). However, there is an advantage (except for the price, of course). It is that these batteries are much less demanding on the quality of sunlight. If the efficiency of the previous panels drops sharply in cloudy weather, polycrystalline ones work even at dawn and sunset.

What is included?

There are many variants of systems for obtaining the energy of the sun, but we will consider only one, which is popular and popular, but also not the most expensive. This set of solar batteries for dachas is designed for seasonal use. It is an excellent alternative to the national electricity network. The power of the solar cells of this kit is 1000 W. For a month, electricity generation reaches 130 kWh. The maximum permissible load is 3 kW. The kit includes 4 solar panels, two battery batteries, a collector and an inverter. What these devices are and what they are for is described below.

When paying for the kit, the customer receives a consultation from the connection specialist and the scheme. The principle of installation is very simple, it is quite possible to cope on its own. But if there is a desire, you can pay installation by qualified specialists.

The price does not include the price of fittings, wiring, fastenings.

Solar and Rechargeable Batteries

In a similar set of solar batteries for a summer residence there are 4 monocrystalline panels. Each of them is capable of generating a fairly large amount of electricity. The panels are made with the use of cutting-edge technologies. They are based on the optimal combination of materials. If necessary, you can select the battery system, the most suitable in a particular case by its characteristics. The frame of each element is made resistant to bending. The design allows fastening these photovoltaic modules quickly and reliably. In addition, the kit includes two lead-acid batteries series A12. These batteries are used in alternative sources of continuous power supply.

Charge Controller

One of the devices that are necessarily included in the solar battery system is the charge controller. It is needed to automatically control the process of charges and discharges of the panel. The device works in accordance with the algorithm incorporated in it, which allows maximizing the battery performance. Thanks to this device can last much longer and more efficiently.

In the event that the installation of solar cells was done incorrectly, the device is equipped with a self-diagnosis system and protection. On some controllers, liquid crystal displays are installed, on which the necessary data on the functioning of the system are displayed. So you can monitor the current in the network, temperature, running time and so on.

Inverter

This is the name of the device that converts the direct current of solar batteries and batteries into an alternating current of 220 V. The frequency of the current produced by the device is 50 Hz. The output is an alternating current, the graphic display of which is represented by a sinusoid. With this energy it is possible to feed all household appliances in the house. It is used not only in cases where the energy is provided by a solar battery. A street wind farm or a hydro turbine can also produce a current that converts this device.

Manufacturers provide a warranty of 2 or 3 years. The system is also equipped with protection from all possible problems, such as high input voltage, overheating, short circuit.

How are the kits installed?

Having bought a set of solar batteries for the country, you need to install it correctly.

The panel of photovoltaic cells, whatever type it is, is fixed on the roof. It is desirable that the panel during the day did not fall a shadow from the trees growing nearby. Maybe you have to cut off branches or clean plants completely.

Panels to the roof are not fastened closely, they are located from the coating at a distance of a decimeter. This ensures air circulation under the batteries. In addition, the modules will not so warm from the surface of the shingles or other coating.

The remaining instruments must be installed in a special room in the house. The room should be protected from children and provide free access to those who will be responsible for monitoring the operation of the system. All household devices that consume low power current can be connected directly to the controller. The remaining devices must receive power through the inverter.

Installation of such systems is a simple matter, it can be done by any adult who is familiar with the principles of conducting electrical circuits.

How much does such a kit cost?

So, you decided to use solar panels for electricity supply. The cost of the kit depends on various factors. Among them - the number of included in the set of solar panels, their type, type of batteries. That set, for example, which was written this article, will cost $ 3,019 dollars. This price is formed by summing the cost of all the devices included in it. Four batteries cost 908 dollars. Another 877 dollars will cost two batteries. The controller costs 256 conventional units, and the inverter - 977. Of course, you can find cheaper solar batteries. Their efficiency will be lower, and they will not last long, but the problem of providing the house with electricity will still be solved.