Who are the subjects of small business? Limit on the number of employees, revenue limit, reporting. State support of small business

When you are going to start your small business, you need to know who is involved in small business, and what benefits a person who is about to start such an activity can expect.

General information

Today the world is ruled by a market economy. It is ensured by the quality interaction of all participants: medium, small, large forms. Small, as well as two other groups, are usually called economic entities. In economics, they have a fairly significant role.

In recent years, the market has gravitated towards monopolization, thanks to which large companies have gained new growth opportunities. But the small often poured into more powerful brethren to simplify the conduct of business. But many small business owners simply do not know what their advantages were and what they lose by refusing independence. Presenting specifically, who relates to small businesses and what this person can expect, the owner of the firm will think twice about whether to go under the wing of a large colleague.

Note that economics and entrepreneurship literally stand in small enterprises, as if on a whale of the universe. It is on such a small business that the larger forms are based. Therefore, one can safely say that small firms are really very important for the country and the world as a whole.

What is it about?

To understand what companies will be discussed later in the article, you must first give examples of small businesses. In fact, people face them daily. These are various small offices and small trading enterprises. The staff of the organizations is not numerous (up to a hundred people), and the proceeds are rather small. Nevertheless, these are small companies, where everyone knows each other, a comfortable working atmosphere reigns. Often, the owner of such a company performs a number of duties of an accountant, tax officer and so on.

Nowadays, small firms are a fairly extensive network covering almost all branches of the domestic market. It is a large dynamically developing group of organizations. Economists say that this is an "elastic" part of the federal business. Anyone who belongs to small business subjects not only solves economic problems, but also is an effective tool for eliminating social difficulties.

On the terms

Before you can understand what a small business is, and also give examples of small businesses, you first need to accurately formulate what entrepreneurship in general is.

Definitions for this concept were invented somewhat, but they can be generalized. Then they say that this is a matter that is both beneficial to society and brings economic benefit to its owner. From this it follows that entrepreneurship is independent, active, coupled with the production of goods, the provision of services. This happens all under the owner's financial responsibility. The economy and entrepreneurship are extremely closely connected, which is expressed by the requirement of the subject to strive for profit not only for society, but also for profit.

And what about small forms?

Who are the subjects of small business? The terminology suggests including in this group such physical, legal persons who work in the conditions of the raised risk. The main task of the company is the maximum profit received in the process of manufacturing or selling goods, as well as rendering services.

To attribute to this category it is possible only such companies which satisfy the criteria established in the current laws.

And how to divide into groups?

Undoubtedly, small business entities are a huge array. Several criteria have been developed that make it possible to distinguish groups based on specific objective characteristics. Nowadays the following parameters are most often used:

• amount of workers;
• The amount of capital that has passed registration;
• Financial parameters;
• Type of activity.

The selection of criteria for the typification of small-scale entrepreneurship was dealt with by the Bolton Commission, which received its name in honor of the great British industrialist Matthew Bolton, who lived in the 18th century. Specialists of this organization are divided into three criteria, in accordance with which one can speak of belonging to small forms:

• Limited supply opportunities, excluding monopoly.
• Independence from the point of view of the law, allowing the owner to solve all issues at his own discretion.
• Personal management of the company's activities by its owner, completely free to make any decisions within the law, to implement them.

And yet: a small business or not?

How to determine that you are a small business entity? The criteria in force in our country are as follows:

• Staff up to 100 people;
• The revenue without VAT is not more than 800 million.

They are enacted by the Federal Law under the number 209, adopted on July 24, 2007.

And what is the advantage?

If, analyzing the law on entrepreneurship and a specific organization, it is possible to identify that it belongs to a small form, we can safely talk about a number of advantages that are inaccessible to large forms. And first of all they mention the direct connection with the consumer of goods and services. Companies operating in this sector are adapting to changes in the market situation and customer requirements almost instantaneously. The reason is that the firms are plastic and are able to adapt to the client's vision in order to guarantee the choice of their product.

The form of small business entities is such that such organizations are practically deprived of internal bureaucracy, it follows that non-operating expenses are reduced to the minimum possible. At the same time, the organization is always in search of new suppliers, which allows to reduce procurement costs. In our time, competition in the market is great, so every small company is highly dependent both on the abundance of customers choosing its services and on suppliers.

First and best

What is a "small business entity"? The criteria that make it possible to distinguish this group of businesses are such that each firm that has them has the following characteristics:

• Striving for innovation. This ensures competitiveness. Specificity of activities is such that small firms are in close interaction with large organizations, so they must quickly react to the changing situation, so as not to lose the client and not be loser. It is the implementation of the latest technologies that makes it possible to exclude such a situation.
• The ability to integrate without loss. Small companies can unite with other organizations, trying to give support to a competitor. It is noteworthy that several businessmen who conduct their small-scale business, having joined forces, can resist even the giant of the market. However, to help them comes the law on entrepreneurship, as well as the rules of law governing the monopolization of the market.

Weak sides

If everything is so good, then why do we need state support for small business? This is due to the fact that small organizations regularly face a wide range of difficulties that are not obvious at first sight. In particular, activities involve:

• Increased risks, because of which they speak of the instability of the whole matter in general;
• Dependence on large organizations;
• Low professionalism of management;
• Susceptibility to market conditions;
• Financial difficulties;
• Complexity in interaction with other legal entities, for which the conclusion of contracts with small business involves various risks.

Where the legs grow

Practice shows that failures are most often provoked by the incompetence of managers who choose the course of the company. Few can correctly establish business ties and maintain working contacts. Often, the firm gradually from the money relations goes (at least partially) to natural ones, when it literally works "bash to the bash". All this leads to the complexities of functioning, introduces confusion in tax documents and ultimately leads to the collapse of business.

Pay attention, many short-term and long-term courses are open nowadays, designed to exclude legal ineducation and to explain to people how aspects of laws and features of business logic. Visiting the school will help:

• To find out what is needed and how to fill out the declaration of a small business entity;
• To master the rules of conduct in the business world;
• Learn how to choose the right course for your organization.

And what about the laws?

Do not forget that there is a program in the framework of which there is state support for small business. Despite the complexity of the bureaucratic structure of our country, in recent years this type of business support has shown its effectiveness and helped many to keep their business and develop it.

Principles of assistance, as follows from the law, are as follows:

• It all starts with the application of the entrepreneur;
• The infrastructure is accessible to all stakeholders;
• Access for all entrepreneurs is equal, meets the conditions prescribed by state law;
• Support complies with the requirements of the Federal Law no. 135 of July 26, 2006;
• All stages of support are open and accessible to the public.

What to have with you?

To be able to get state aid, the entrepreneur will have to write a statement of the established pattern. For the first time submitting documents, it is also necessary to provide papers that would confirm that the organization really belongs to the number of small ones. To do this, there must be confirmation of how many people work in the staff of the organization, as well as what is the company's profit and whether the revenue limit is respected.

In some programs and in different regions, local officials have the right to introduce additional conditions on which to select specific participants in the support program. If such in your region operate, you can learn about them in the city administration or in a special body created to interact with small businesses. This exists in all regions of the state.

Please note that officials are not entitled to demand from an entrepreneur those documents that must always be in government bodies, and not with a businessman on hand. However, the exception is the items mentioned in the 210 Federal Law adopted on July 27, 2010, where there is an exact list of securities that are mandatory for granting, if the potential entrepreneur is interested in receiving assistance from the government of the country.

And whether all?

There are such small enterprises that can not rely on government help. This concerns the following list:

• Credit companies, insurers, investors, pension funds, pawnshops, securities traders;
• Organizations that have agreed to the product section;
• Working in gambling;
• Non-residents of the country;
• Firms that sell excisable goods, rare minerals.

In addition, help should not be counted if:

• Documents were not provided;
• Conditions are not met;
• Support has already been provided earlier, the deadline has not yet passed;
• It was found out that the company had violated the law, and from that moment it had not been three years.

All under the account!

Since the beginning of August 2016 in the Russian Federation, a single register of small business entities has entered into legal force. To access it, you need to visit the Virtual Web of the FTS of the country. Note: in addition to small forms, the registry will be able to find data on a medium-sized business.

As immediately after the introduction of the analysts, a similar project for our country turned out to be radically new, since it allowed to regulate the activities of small companies by state laws. In former times, something similar was conducted in each region individually, there were no opportunities to centrally account for businessmen. At the same time, small companies were only included in local registries when they asked for support or some measures were applied to them. Otherwise, the legal entities remained as if invisible.

How it works?

To create such a large register, which would cover the whole country, had to resort to cloud technologies. Therefore, the data can be requested from anywhere in the world at a time convenient for the applicant, and the answer is obtained immediately, without departing from the device. The request can be sent from almost any technique, if only there was access to the Internet.

The creation of the register meant obtaining information on how much an average person works in the company, as well as the approximate income level of the organization. While forming, not only organizations, firms, but also individual entrepreneurs were taken into account. The creators implemented in the database the data obtained from:

• EGRUL;
• EGRIP;
• Ministry of Economic Development;
• Bodies responsible for education and science;
• Skolkovo;
• MICEX.

To ensure that all interested can correctly use the resource, a document was created that explains the order of work. He was called a "letter", the publication was handled by the Federal Tax Service. Among other things, the letter explains what the time frame for processing data (both incoming to the information system, and requests, extracts from it).

How was it created?

For the first time, the register was formed on the basis of data received for the year 2015. Information for this was requested from various agencies to ensure the fullest coverage of the issue. But if a small organization included in this list faced in the period 2016-2018 with the need to adjust its activities, its data in the system will change only in 2019. In particular, the register will reflect changes in the average number and size of the company's revenue, as well as general information about the entrepreneur.