Which structure has the protozoan cell? Detailed description

Do you know which structure has the protozoan cell? If not, then this article is for you.

What science is studying the cell?

This science is called cytology. It is a branch of biology. She also can answer the question, what structure does the cell of protozoa have. Also, this science studies not only the structure, but also the processes that occur in the cell. This cellular respiration, metabolism, reproduction and photosynthesis. The method of multiplication of the protozoa is simple cell division. Some protozoa cells are capable of photosynthesis - the production of organic substances from inorganic substances. Cellular respiration occurs during the breakdown of glucose. This is the main function of simple carbohydrates in the cell. When they are oxidized, the cell receives energy.

Who are the simplest?

Before considering the question of what structure the simplest cell has, let's look at what these "creatures" are.

These are organisms that consist of a single cell. They are also called eukaryotes, since there is a nucleus in their cells. The cell of the protozoa is similar in many respects to the cell of a multicellular organism.

Classification

There are six types of protozoa:

• Infusoria;
• Radiolarians;
• Sunflowers;
• Sporoviki;
• Sarcozhugutikonoscy;
• Flagellate.

Representatives of the first type inhabit saline ponds. Some species can also live in the soil.

Sporoviks are mainly represented by parasites of vertebrates.

Radiolarians, like infusorians, live in the oceans. They have hard shells of silica, from which some rocks form.

The peculiarity of sunflowers is that they move by means of pseudopods.

Sarkozhgutikontsy also use this mode of movement. This type includes amoeba and many other protozoa.

Flagellae are represented by a variety of different organisms that are used for the movement of flagella. Some species of such protozoa can live in water bodies, and some are parasites. In addition, many representatives of this type in the cells are present chloroplasts. Such protozoa themselves produce the nutrients necessary for life by means of photosynthesis.

Which structure has the protozoan cell?

The structure of the cell can be divided into three main parts: the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The number of nuclei in the cells of the protozoa is one. In this they differ from bacterial cells, which generally do not have nuclei. So, consider in detail each of the three components of the cell.

Plasma membrane

The structure of the protozoan cells necessarily provides for the presence of this component. It is responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of the cell, protecting it from the effects of the external environment. The plasma membrane consists of three classes of lipids: phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol. Phospholipids predominate in the membrane structure.

Cytoplasm: how is it arranged?

This is the whole part of the cell, with the exception of the nucleus, which is located inside the plasma membrane. It consists of hyaloplasm and organoids, as well as inclusions. Hyaloplasma is the internal environment of the cell. Organoids are permanent structures that perform certain functions, and inclusions are non-permanent structures that perform a largely storing function.

The structure of the protozoan cells: organoids

In the protozoan cell, there are many organoids that are characteristic of animal cells. In addition, unlike cells of multicellular organisms, most protozoan cells have movement organoids - all kinds of flagella, cilia, and other structures. The presence of such formations can boast very few cells of multicellular animals - only spermatozoa.

Organoids that are present in protozoan cells include mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi complex. In the cells of some protozoa also there are chloroplasts, which are characteristic for plant cells. Consider the structure and functions of each of them in the table.

In addition, the cells of protozoa are provided with movement organoids. These can be flagella and cilia. Depending on the species, the body can possess both one and several flagella.