What is the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity?

Each unit of production, drawn up at customs posts, undergoes a special identification process. As a result, it receives the code of the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity. This procedure, carried out within the framework of the current Russian legislation, allows for a number of economic transactions. Among them, in particular, include payments, costing, planning and reporting. In addition, a single commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity (TN VED) allows you to study the structure of international trade turnover.

Features of modern TN VED of Russia

The basis used in customs bodies of the Russian Federation TN VED, was the world system of classification and detailed description of units of production. The modern commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the Russian Federation is subdivided into 21 sections and 97 groups. They are united by the principle of uniqueness of the characteristics of the units of production. The criteria used in the construction of the classification system are:

- material of manufacture of the goods;

- the main functional tasks;

- workmanship.

The most common unit of measurement is the commodity weight, expressed in kilograms.

When assigning a commodity to the relevant HS code , three parts are used:

- nomenclature;

- notes to groups and sections;

- rules for determining the basic functions of products.

Incorrect classification due to the indication of incorrect data in the declaration entails responsibility under the current Russian legislation.

Functions of HS and FEA

The commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity of the Customs Union allows to unify all import units of production with national ones. As a result, compatibility of world commodity systems is ensured. This, in turn, affects the effectiveness of international trade. Most countries and customs unions use a universal Harmonized System (HS) in their work. A general procedure and rules for assigning item numbers to goods were developed and implemented. The status of the TOS is enshrined in the special provision of the international convention. The transition to a common nomenclature significantly facilitated the trade turnover between the subjects of the world market.

Application of TN VED in customs clearance

The commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity, applied by most countries, is clearly structured and detailed. On its basis, all the imposition of production on duties is built. In this regard, the classification system is the main and most effective tool for the formation of a common policy of the state in the field of tariff and customs regulation. The international trading structure uses certain methods of influencing the global market (both in general and its subjects). They include:

- regulation of customs tariffs or taxes;

- introduction of conditions for restrictions, agreements and contracts between market participants;

- activities aimed at increasing imports or exports.

Customs-tariff and non-tariff regulatory measures based on TN VED

Foreign trade activity of the Russian Federation is regulated by the relevant law. Within the framework of the normative act, it is allowed to use tariff and non-tariff methods. The main function of customs and tariff methods is to protect and develop the domestic market. Non-tariff methods are expressed in the form of the state's definition of the norms within which imports and exports of goods of certain nomenclatures are carried out. The commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity is a financial element regulating the volume of trade with other countries on the part of the state. Based on it, the value indicators for a certain type of goods are formed. However, the customs and tariff regulation of the state is not the main task of the TN VED. First of all, the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity allows reducing the time costs for customs clearance. In addition, with its help, the quality of service is improved, statistical accounting is carried out using world standards.

The globalization of the world market forced its participants to look for new tools to control the movement of goods. There was a need to keep records of the movement of substances hazardous to human life, as well as species on the verge of biological extinction. As a result of this, on the basis of international legal mechanisms, a more detailed system of world classification began to appear, focused primarily on the objectives of the customs bodies of subjects of the interstate market. At the same time, it was possible to refine the overall coding structure for the needs of each market participant, while not violating the principles of the international nomenclature.

Functions of TN VED

The commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity consists of a detailed description of the units of production and its classification in a digital sense (10 characters). This is necessary to facilitate the following processes:

- customs and tariff regulation;

- non-tariff monitoring;

- statistical research;

- the formation of a system of digital detailing.

The use of TN VED when registering a customs declaration for goods allows:

- use a unified product classification approach;

- correctly calculate the values of customs duties;

- collect the necessary package of accompanying documents for the products;

- to process and structure information about the product within the framework of statistical research.

Customs statistics

The external economic activity of the Russian Federation is regulated by customs statistical data, the basis for structuring which is the classification according to TN VED. Using this classification system allows to solve the following tasks:

- to account for goods that have passed customs control;

- introduce non-tariff methods of import or export regulation;

- promptly respond to changes in the world market.

There is a specially developed and approved methodology for collecting customs statistics in Russia. It is used for objective and timely formation of customs statistics, preparation of specialized collections and analytical materials. In accordance with them, the study and analysis of trade relations between Russia and its market partners - other countries - is carried out. The customs statistics include only goods, it does not record trade in services.