Prevention of oncological diseases: risk factors and types

Recent advances in medicine allow timely diagnosis and treatment of diseases that previously seemed serious and dangerous ailments. However, despite the fact that oncological diseases still remain an urgent problem. Statistics show that every year about 7 million people die from malignant processes in the body (of which about 300 thousand people are residents of Russia).

Oncological diseases do not occur without any reasons. Some factors that negatively affect the human body lead to their development. What causes cancer? What types of preventive measures can help? What is the oncology prevention clinic (Ufa, Aurora, 6)? The answers to these questions should be looked for.

List of risk factors

Oncological diseases can develop due to genetic predisposition, but most often the true cause is the impact of the environment, the wrong way of life. Factors that increase the likelihood of cancer include:

• smoking;
• Infection;
• Malnutrition, obesity, lack of physical activity;
• ultraviolet radiation;
• Hormonal and reproductive factors;
• Environmental pollution and the impact of negative factors at work.

Each of the above factors should be considered in detail, because they depend on the prevention of cancer.

Smoking

One of the main problems of modern society is smoking. Statistics show that about 1.3 billion people around the world smoke tobacco. It is carcinogenic, because it contains a wide range of harmful substances. Among them is nicotine, which, in addition to the negative effect, causes addiction to cigarettes, and forms dependence. Substances contained in tobacco, negatively affect the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, lungs, because the smoke passes through these structures.

Smoking also affects other internal organs. The matter is that substances when ingested into the lungs penetrate the walls into the blood and are carried throughout the body. As a result, the liver, stomach, and kidneys suffer. That is why the prevention of cancer should include a cessation of smoking.

Smoking of people exposed to tobacco smoke also increases the likelihood of developing cancer. Statistics show that every year just over 20 thousand people die from lung cancer, which develops because of secondhand smoke. It is also worth noting that oncological diseases cause both electronic cigarettes and lollipops, designed to get rid of nicotine addiction. Studies have shown that they contain carcinogens, toxic chemicals harmful to the human body. From electronic cigarettes and candies can develop cancer of the mouth, esophagus, pancreas.

Infections

Previously, infections were not considered among the causes of cancer. Experts thought that they had nothing to do with cancer. Modern research has refuted this view. It turned out that about 16% of cases (from all cancer) are associated with infections. Now the prevention of oncological diseases includes the fight against them. The following can lead to cancer:

• Hepatitis B and C viruses (because of them liver cancer often develops);
• Human papillomavirus (chronic infection is the cause of cervical cancer, vulva, vagina, anal canal, penis);
• Helicobacter pylori (this bacterium lives in the stomach, provokes the development of the ulcer of this organ, leads to cancer in the absence of adequate treatment).

The listed infections most often cause oncological diseases. To provoke a cancer still less common microorganisms, non-cellular infectious agents. An example is the Epstein-Barr virus, herpesvirus, which is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma.

Malnutrition, obesity and lack of physical activity

Modern research has shown that malnutrition can lead to cancer. Canned food that is sold in shops, chips contain harmful substances that affect the esophagus, stomach, intestines. The probability of developing cancer affects the diet, lifestyle. Especially high risk of oncological diseases is associated with alcohol. When abused, it affects the walls of the digestive system, provokes gastritis, ulcers.

A serious problem of modernity is obesity. Because of extra pounds, there is a complex metabolic disorder. People with obesity suffer from gall bladder diseases, hypertension, angina pectoris, early atherosclerosis. The lack of prevention of cancer, consisting in combating excess kilograms, leads to malignant diseases, reduced efficiency and disability.

All experts say that the movement is life. Insufficient physical activity leads to serious health problems, provokes obesity. That is why this way of life is considered a risk factor. In some countries, its influence is confirmed by statistical information. Because of a lack of physical activity, colon cancer accounts for 5% of cases in Estonia, 10% in Canada, 15% in Brazil, about 20% of cases and even higher in Malta.

Ultraviolet radiation

Periodically, in different regions of the country, a decade is spent on the prevention of oncological diseases. During this event, awareness of the population is increasing. People are informed about various risk factors, including ultraviolet radiation, which increases the likelihood of developing malignant tumors.

The main source of radiation is the sun. Some people who spend a lot of time on the street do not use sunscreen cosmetics, special umbrellas and glasses, they face melanoma. This is a dangerous malignant tumor. It is on the skin. In rare cases, it is found on the mucous membranes, the retina of the eye. Melanoma of the skin very quickly progresses due to a weak response of the body, metastasizes to all organs by hematogenous or lymphogenous pathways.

The sanitation bulletin "Prevention of oncological diseases" is an illustrated sanitary and educational newspaper, which can be seen in many medical institutions. Often it indicates information that the danger is not only the sun. Many people deliberately expose themselves to artificial ultraviolet radiation in cosmetic salons to obtain sunburn. It represents an even greater danger to the human body. Artificial radiation is 10-15 times stronger than the sun.

Making out any sanbullet "Prevention of cancer diseases" and talking about ultraviolet radiation, it should be noted that hereditary characteristics play an important role in the development of malignant processes. More often than not, people who have light skin, blonde hair, green or blue eyes, and many birthmarks on their bodies are facing cancer. People with dark skin have a low incidence of melanoma.

Hormonal and reproductive factors

A few decades ago, menstruation girls began rather late by modern standards. At present, there is a tendency to decrease in age. As an example, let us cite two countries - the USA and Norway. There is evidence that at the beginning of the last century in the United States, menstruation began at about 14.3 years, and in Norway - at 14.6 years. In the 60's and 70's there was already a decline. In the first country, the age of the onset of menstruation was 12.5 years, and in the second - 13.2 years.

Described above is due to the improvement of the quality of life, proper hygiene. Decreased age is considered normal, but not safe, because it increases the number of years during which the breast tissue is exposed to a high level of estrogen. As a result, the likelihood of future cancer increases.

Negative effect on the body of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. A person has not yet fully studied the effect of hormones, so interference in processes regulated by the body often leads to unexpected consequences. There are also such factors, due to which the risk of developing breast cancer decreases:

• At a birth to 30 years;
• When breastfeeding (each year of breastfeeding reduces the probability by 4.3%).

But the birth of a child after 30 years increases the likelihood of breast cancer in 2 times. This is often said by specialists when talking with patients. Prevention of oncological diseases should include earlier planning of pregnancy.

The pollution of the environment and the impact of negative factors at work

People themselves increase the likelihood of cancer, when they pollute the environment with industrial emissions, household waste. In large cities, atmospheric air is polluted with exhaust fumes. Residents of such settlements can face lung cancer. Malignant diseases of the skin, bladder are possible due to drinking water with a high content of arsenic. This situation with water is found in some countries of South and Central Africa, the People's Republic of China.

Increases the likelihood of cancer in people working in hazardous production. Here are some examples of carcinogenic substances :

1. Wood dust is considered harmful in the wood industry. It negatively affects the nasal cavity.
2. In the production of rubber, workers are exposed to 4-aminobiphenyl. It affects the functioning of the bladder.
3. Beryllium and its compounds used in the aerospace industry affect the lungs.
4. Asbestos, used in the manufacture of insulation, fire protection, friction products, causes lung cancer. It is also the only cause of malignant mesothelioma. This term denotes a rare and fatal disease.

Preventive measures to fight cancer

The likelihood of developing a malignant process is reduced if prevention of oncological diseases is carried out. Memo for people, which are made according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, includes the following actions:

• Avoid all of the risk factors listed above;
• To carry out vaccination against infections, to consult doctors in time in case of suspicious symptoms;
• To control hazardous and harmful factors at the workplace;
• Less time to be in the sun, use protective equipment (glasses, umbrellas, hats).

Early detection of malignant diseases is also very important. Thanks to a timely diagnosis, people are cured of cancer. There are 2 ways of early detection. The first of these is early diagnosis. If the first suspicious symptoms occur, you should consult a doctor. To treat the disease at an early stage is much easier.

The second way to detect cancer early is screening. This term means systematic testing in asymptomatic populations. The purpose of screening is to identify those individuals who have cancer, but have not shown themselves yet.

Nutrition for the prevention of cancer

Nutrition plays an important role in the prevention of cancer. The quality of the products, their balance, absence of food containing carcinogenic substances in the diet are the main components of prevention of oncology. Experts advise to develop a plan for the prevention of cancer, eat less fat and eat more fruits and vegetables:

1. You can add beans to the diet. They contain a large amount of high-grade protein in their composition. It includes all the replaceable and irreplaceable amino acids, close in composition to the protein of milk and meat. Bean vegetables are useful, but it should be remembered that they are related to heavy food (they stay in the digestive tract for a long time, cause excessive gas formation).
2. Special attention should be paid to orange and yellow-green fruits and vegetables (carrots, tomatoes, peppers, pumpkin, apricots, peaches - the use of all these products should include the prevention of cancer). Booklets compiled by nutrition experts contain information that in the listed vegetables and fruits there are various carotenoids. These are anti-carcinogenic substances that reduce the risk of developing cancer.
3. Very useful green leafy vegetables (celery, dill, basil, parsley) and algae. They contain pigment chlorophyll. It reduces the overall cancer risk, prevents the development of lung cancer, the rectum and colon, esophagus, stomach, mouth, pharynx, kidneys, bladder.
4. Positive effect on the body is cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, radish). They are rich in sulfurous compounds with glucosinolates that prevent the onset and development of tumor processes.

In the diet should also include other products with anti-carcinogenic substances, when the prevention of cancer. The memo below is a list of such substances and food.

Nutrition during cancer treatment

People who are treated for cancer, face difficulties in nutrition. Very often, because of chemotherapy and drugs, appetite is broken, strange odors appear in the mouth. Here are some tips for sick people who are thinking about what should be the food for the treatment and prevention of cancer:

1. With a poor appetite, try to eat a little, but often. Remember that in the morning hours, well-being, as a rule, improves. Try to eat well at this time.
2. If you change the taste, do not give up food, because food is necessary. Experiment with sweet, bitter, salty, sour dishes and choose the ones that you like best. With a metallic taste in your mouth, use silver, plastic dishes.
3. When dry in the mouth, eat food with various dressings, sauces. It will be easier for you to eat such dishes.

Clinic of prevention of oncological diseases (Ufa)

Virtually all diseases can be prevented. That is why modern medical institutions provide services for the prevention of various ailments, including cancer. One of these clinics is located in Ufa. It exists since 2001. Previously, it was a cancer prevention clinic (Ufa). It was created as part of an anti-cancer program. This clinic was the first medical institution in Russia, in which the prevention of cancer was carried out. Ufa today already boasts a huge IMC "Preventive Medicine" - a multi-disciplinary medical center, which grew out of the clinic. There are a variety of medical services on a wide range of directions.

To summarize, it is worth noting that cancer is a common name for a huge group of diseases. The disease can affect absolutely any part of the body, any internal organ. Cancer develops from a single cell that is exposed to negative factors. Its change is very dangerous, because all processes in the body are violated. Every year, a large number of people die from cancer that has affected the lungs, stomach, liver, large intestine, mammary glands. To avoid death, it is worth while paying attention to the prevention of this disease. The clinic for the prevention of cancer in Ufa, medical centers in other cities of Russia can help in the development of preventive measures.