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Plum Ussuriysk: description of the variety and reviews

Plum belongs to the ancient fruit trees, the importance of which is huge for humans. Culture is characterized by rapidity, regular and generous fruitfulness, valuable dietary and medicinal properties. Plum Ussuriysk also has such a valuable quality as frost resistance, and therefore is actively cultivated in the northern regions, where the temperature can drop to forty degrees.

What kind of

The origin of the variety of Ussuri plums is associated with Chinese plums, so these cultures are similar to genetics, but differ in morphological and biological properties, history and distribution. Plum Ussuriyskaya does not grow in the nature of the Far East and China. It was discovered by Russian immigrants on the ruins of the ancient village of Primorsky Krai. The tree was carefully moved to the garden and started to reproduce.

Over time, Ussuri plum, a photo of which is located below, began to be cultivated in the gardens of the Far East. And North China was involved in supplying high-quality Chinese plum forms . Planted on one site, these species were re-pollinated and as a result hybrids appeared, which differed by higher fitness indicators for the local climate.

Today Ussuriysk plum is represented by a self-sufficient hybrid species, the varieties and species of which have distinctive characteristics. The biological value of culture is characterized by a high level of adaptation, which allows it to be cultivated in the harsh climate of the northern regions.

Features of appearance

Trees of Ussuri plums can not be called dwarfish. They grow up to three meters in height and have high rates of fruiting - in the harvest years one tree is able to give about twenty kilograms of fruit.

The crown of the tree is formed by thin flexible branches, but in spite of their fragility the shoots well hold abundant harvests. Depending on the branching, two types of tree are distinguished: with a diluted and thickened crown, which can have a spherical, paniculate or cuplike shape.

Plums with a thickened crown are characterized by the shape of a wide pyramid, panicle or cylinder, which is characteristic of plants with wild roots. More domesticated cultures are distinguished by vase-like, bushy or indeterminate forms.

The trunks and skeletal branches are covered with a brown or gray bark with different shades, at first glistening and smooth, and with age - rough, because on the cortices scales of dying cells form. The bark of annual shoots has a light brown color with a reddish-burgund shade and lighter subcutaneous impregnations.

Fruit tree on fruit prutikah, shortened bouquet branches and spurts. Fruit kidneys are located dull on two-year or three-year shoots.

The leaves have different sizes and shapes, painted in light green hues. Sheet plate smooth glossy with curved edges. Flowering plums occur when the leaves have not yet blossomed, and the timing depends on the weather and variety variety. Flowers have mainly whitish petals and small sizes.

Plum Ussuriyskaya, the description of which indicates the inability of inter-cross-pollination, needs neighbors pollinators. Fruit-bearing grafted tree begins in the third or fourth year of life, and seedlings - on the fifth or sixth. The duration of fruiting depends on the conditions of care and can be 20 years.

Characteristics of fruits

Plum fruits Ussuriysk gives different. Depending on the variety of the variety, they differ in form, color, taste and maturity. The smallest fruits do not exceed the weight of 2-3 grams, and the largest specimens reach 15-25 grams. Fruits are round-elongated, have a pointed apex and longitudinal suture, which can be weakly expressed or distinctly visible.

The color of the fruit also depends on the variety and can range from bright yellow to a rich burgundy hue. Often it is possible to meet also motley fruits, when on a basic yellow or green color various blush-red shades are diffused by a blush. The fruit skin is covered with a rich wax coating.

Plum pulp is colored and juicy, sweet or sour-sweet taste. In the peel and pulp, adjacent to the bone, a pronounced bitterness is felt, giving a slight sourish-astringent taste.

In the center of the pulp is a small bone that repeats the shape of the fetus. It is often poorly separated from the pulp. Fruit ripening depends on the region of growth and ranges from the second half of July to September.

In order to improve the quality characteristics, the variety of Ussuri plums was constantly crossed with other species. As a result, its new varietal species appeared.

Ussuri holiday

Plum Ussuri festive is the most frost-resistant. Thanks to selected genotypes, even after sorocogradous frosts, shoots practically do not freeze and fruiting continues. A feature of Ussuri plums is that the higher the frost resistance, the smaller the fruit.

Plum Ussuri festive, the description of which says high frost resistance, reaches fertile age by four to five years. Also, the tree is rich in fruit and can yield up to 20 kg of harvest. Plum Ussuriyskaya Festive, the description of the flowering which influenced the name of the variety, forms small whitish flowers with a pleasant aroma. The flowering is so abundant that behind the flowers you often can not see the branches and the tree finds an elegant fairy-tale appearance.

But to a greater extent, the Ussuri festive owes its name to the spectacular fruit, according to the bright yellow main color of which the red one-sided blush spreads. The variety forms fruit weighing up to 25 grams with a bright orange delicate, juicy and delicious pulp. Collect fruit recommended slightly immature, because when fully ripe fruits are showered.

The Urals prune

The variety was obtained by crossing Ussuri plum and a hybrid of plum A-31. Plum Ussuriysk Urals prune is represented by a wide spreading tree, growing to two meters with good frost resistance.

The variety yields good harvests from flat ellipsoid fruits, the weight of which varies from 12 to 16 grams. Color of fruit is black with a reddish tint in the seam area. Covered with a wax coating medium-thick elastic peel, as well as a bone easily separates from the pulp, which has a cream color, sweet taste and fine-grained medium-dense juicy texture.

Taste qualities are estimated by experts at 4.6 points. Blooms at one time with the Ussuri plums, through which pollination occurs. The best pollinator is the Urals Red variety.

Prunes early

Refers to early frost-resistant varieties. Plum Ussuriyskaya early prune early is represented by a medium-tall tree with a crown of medium thickening. It forms fast-growing fruits of blue-black color with a reddish tint. The fruit size is medium. The pulp is fine-grained, of medium density, from which the stone is easily separated. The variety is ideal for drying, which is soft and elastic with a pronounced aroma and good taste. Drying is valued for a number of useful properties, including normalization of hemoglobin level in the blood and mild laxative effect, which make it indispensable in dietary nutrition, including for weight loss.

Plum Ussuriyskaya early in demand of farmers, because the early harvest has a high competitive ability in the market and allows you to get a good profit.

Yellow Hopty

It is characterized by good adaptability to climatic conditions and good yield. The tree is quite strong, it can grow up to two and a half meters or more and has a sparse crown with a rounded-flattened apex. The branches are sprawling, covered with smooth gray bark.

Fruits are formed in medium sizes from 15 to 20 grams. The color varies from light to rich yellow with a distinct whitish wax coating. Fruits have a rounded slightly flattened shape with a clear abdominal suture. Pulp of greenish-yellow color has a loose texture and good juiciness. The skin is thin, there is bitterness in taste. The stone is large enough and easily separable from the flesh.

Ural yellow

Plum Ussuriyskaya yellow early is represented by a high sprawling bush. It is often called the Ural yellow, because the variety is suitable for the climatic conditions of the Urals and is often cultivated in regions with a harsh climate.

The fruits are roundish in bright yellow color, weighing up to 16 grams. The pulp is a yellow hue, a rather sugary slightly fibrous texture. The skin is thin and elastic without bitterness. The stone is small and leaves easily from the flesh. Harvesting is at the beginning of August.

Optimum conditions for cultivation

When cultivating frost-resistant plums, one should take into account certain species preferences.

  • Selection of a place for disembarkation.

Plum Ussuriyskaya, whose description of the variety speaks of fitness for regions with a harsh climate, is successfully growing on the southern and south-eastern slopes with enough sunlight. When planting trees in the valley or in the valley, flower buds and skeletal branches may frost. The optimal site for planting a crop will be a section protected from the north winds.

  • Chemical composition of soil.

Plum Ussuriysk grows well on fertile neutral soils. With high acidity, the tree feels a lack of mineral substances, which affects its growth, development and fruit bearing. With excessive peat content, the tree sheds unripe fruit. Experienced gardeners recommend a year before planting to make lime in the soil in the amount of 150-200 grams per square meter.

  • Principles of irrigation.

When growing Ussuri plums, it should be borne in mind that the culture does not tolerate drought and is quite demanding on moisture. In areas with arid climates, irrigation must be carried out once a week and a half. The rate of water introduced per meter square is 9-10 liters. After harvesting, irrigation is less frequent, so that shoots are better ripened.

  • Prevention of dangerous pests.

Plum Ussuriyskaya, reviews about the quality of the fruits of which are very positive, nevertheless can be affected by pests and diseases. Most often, fruit flies are attacked on trees, which can cause significant damage to the entire garden. The chemical treatments, which take place at the end of June, help combat pests. Also, good mechanical efficiency was shown by mechanical traps, which should be installed when butterflies fly around the end of spring.

Flowering and fruiting period

Blooming of Ussuri plums presages frost. The plant itself does not threaten it and does not affect fruiting. Small fragrant flowers scattered throughout the tree in large quantities. They are revealed even before the appearance of leaves.

To fructify was plentiful and regular in the neighborhood with Ussuri plums it is necessary to plant other varieties that have the same flowering period. It is also known that plums are pollinated well by sand cherry.

It is important not to miss the timing of harvesting, because when fully ripened, the fruits fall off. Cleaning begins at the moment when the fruit starts to turn a little yellow. The collected fruits are laid in clean dry boxes in several rows, where they reach full maturity within a few days.

Principles of planting

When planting the Ussuri plum, it should be remembered that the culture does not tolerate the spring intertrigo of the roots. This is often due to an unsuccessful place to plant, in which the snow lies for a long time, and also it can be a hollow or a north blown out side of the garden.

To prevent such a phenomenon, plum should be planted not in a regular well, but in special mounds, the heights must be sufficient to accommodate the roots and at the same time they must be above the ground level. After rooting, the tree itself will deepen as it needs and will yield good harvests of delicious and healthy fruits.

Potential threats

An essential defect of all plum trees is weak immunity against diseases. Plum Orchards are susceptible to:

  • Клястероспориозу (a holey spotting);
  • Moniliosis (gray rot);
  • Coccomicosis;
  • Black fungus;
  • Root cancers;
  • Marsupial disease;
  • Lacteal gloss.

Also, plums can be affected by diseases inherent in all stone fruits:

  • Gummosis (gum disease);
  • rust;
  • Fruit rot.

Klyasterosporiosis

In people, the disease is called a holey spot. This disease causes a fungus that affects all parts of the plant. Symptoms of the disease are manifested as a brown patch on the leaves, which eventually transform into holes. Affected fruits are unfit for food. Irritation contributes to high humidity.

Monolysis

Gray rot is a fungal disease that damages not only the leaves and buds, but also the fruits themselves. As a result, plums become a soft consistency and acquire an uneven gray color with grayish mounds, in which there are spores. Humidity contributes to the rapid spread of the disease.

Cockcomicosis

The most dangerous fungal disease, which is manifested by brown or reddish spots on the leaves, which eventually affect the entire leaf plate, and on the inner side a pink coating of fungal spores forms. The disease leads to a decrease in frost resistance, the leaves turn yellow and fall off, and the fruits stop in development and dry out.

Black fungus

It appears black in the form of soot on the leaves. Such formations are easily erased without much effort, but its presence prevents the introduction of oxygen into the plant cells.

Marsupial disease

Destroys the harvest, because the affected fruits begin to grow, do not form bones and are covered with a gray bloom.

Root Cancer

On the root system, outgrowths are formed due to the activity of pathogenic microorganisms living in the soil, which penetrate into the tissues through damage. Adult tree ceases to develop, and seedlings perish. Drought and neutral soils contribute to this disease. Therefore, it is very important not to allow drying of the soil and roots of the Ussuri plum.

Milky shine

It can affect not only plums, but also other fruit crops. The development of the disease often leads to the death of the tree. Leaves acquire a silvery color and begin to die. The bark acquires darker shades. The most affected by winter frost trees.

Conclusion

Plum Ussuriysk well adapted to cold climates. Its vegetation begins in late spring. First, flowers begin to bloom, which hold the color for about ten days. After flowering begin to actively grow shoots.

Having provided the necessary conditions for growing Ussuri plum, it is possible to achieve normal development of trees and abundant regular fruiting. Plum with gratitude will respond to the withdrawal of tasty and healthy fruits that are rich in vitamins and minerals necessary for the functioning of the human body.

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