Planning and designing of hotels - current standards

Design works used for capital construction projects are distinguished by the strictness and breadth of coverage of operational aspects. The buildings of the hotel type are particularly complex from the point of view of planning, since the development of technical specifications in this case requires a multifactorial architectural and engineering analysis. This is due primarily to the requirements of safety standards. But in general, the design of hotels should be guided by the normative document of the SNiP.

Requirements for land plots

Characteristics of a land plot often determine the properties and the object of construction. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate in advance the parameters of the working platform. If to speak about obligatory rules, the zone should have an opportunity of a free entrance and be in a distance from ecologically dangerous territories and objects of industrial sector. Also geodetic properties of sites for which designing of hotels are carried out are considered. The norms applicable to residential buildings, and in particular section II-L.1-62 of the SNiP documents, can be taken as a basis for the development of this part of the design activities.

In addition to the general engineering and technical capabilities of the site, it is also important to assess the local infrastructure potential for development. This is primarily transport support. As noted in the rules, for every 10 rooms architects should provide parking space for at least 1 car. If it is a question of 150 places, the projects of hotels are calculated and on an opportunity for an entrance and parking of one bus.

Space-planning solutions

In general, planning works concern the development of technical solutions for rooms and utility rooms. One of the main regulatory rules in this part is that hotel rooms can not be located below the above-ground level. At the same time on the ground floor, the layout of the hotel can provide for the placement of a storage room, a hairdressing salon, a consumer service point, a storeroom, a laundry room, a dining room, etc. Warehouse and working plumbing units can be equipped at the basement level.

Special requirements are imposed on the planning of elevators, cooking, procurement and technical facilities. It is important that the design of hotels provides the maximum possible isolation protection of such objects inside the building. This particularly applies to premises where power propulsion systems, motors, pump stations and garbage chutes operate. Developers should provide effective means of vibration and noise reduction. The project recommends the selection of appropriate insulation materials.

Regulatory requirements for numbers

In terms of planning, there are two categories of rooms. There are no clear divisions between these groups. But the characteristics of the second category exceeds the first in the area. On the other hand, the numbers of the first group provide for more technological engineering and household equipment. So, the layout of the hotel in relation to such apartments implies the number of rooms from 1 to 2. The total area varies from 9 to 22 m ² . As for the engineering equipment, the room gets a full sanitary unit with a washbasin, toilet, bidet, bath and shower.

The second category, as a rule, provides 1 room and up to 4 beds. The living area varies from 9 to 18 m2. Obviously, there is not much useful space in such a situation. Therefore, the projects of hotels with such numbers provide for limited equipment of plumbing equipment. In the room can be installed wash basins in the singular.

Requirements for service rooms

Most of the rooms intended for servicing guests are cafes, canteens, buffets and snack bars. The main thing in designing such objects is accounting of the number of customers, which is based on the general loading of the institution. Specific figures are specified in the regulations. They also regulate the design of the hotel. SNiP under No. 3.25, in particular, indicates that the area of the room for a hotel with a capacity of 50 people should be at least 50 m ² . There are other service points. They have slightly different requirements. So, the area of the hotel office, accommodating the same 50 people, can already have 12 m ² . In addition, architects should provide in the project places for the organization of workshops, a lobby group, a camera for storing hand luggage, etc.

Requirements for utility rooms

This category of premises includes such objects as central laundry, sanitary assembly unit, warehouses inventory and ventilation rooms. The design of sub-chambers and technical rooms should be guided by the principles of causing less damage to the residential area. That is, the construction of the hotel is implemented in such a way that these objects receive the shortest path of exhaust gas and polluted air.

Requirements for lighting and electrical engineering

The project solution provides for three main aspects of the implementation of the lighting system. These are directly devices of artificial light, low-current devices, as well as equipment that forms the infrastructure for the management of electrical engineering. Regulates this part of the design section II-B.6 SNiP. In particular, the design of hotels with regard to lighting focuses on the organization of interaction of electrical devices with the conclusion of a single control panel. Designers of the system should especially consider the principles of optimized networking. After all, this is one of the most costly articles on expenses for the maintenance and service of hotels.

Requirements for engineering equipment

The hotel should be organized ventilation systems, water supply, heating and, if necessary, gas supply. Wiring and distribution systems are usually located in the basement or basement floors. If possible, the project also includes a separate room for the electrical room, to which only the employees of the establishment can access. It is important to consider that the design of hotels does not provide for the location of engineering and communications equipment under the sinks, shower rooms and sanitary units. Also, if there is a technical possibility, the engineering lines are laid by the type of concealed wiring.

Conclusion

In addition to the main sections of the design of a building, the layout of premises and the placement of engineering equipment, the development of a technical assignment should be based on economic principles. To build a hotel was economical, but at the same time, quality, architects should carefully analyze the range of permissible for the application of building materials.

It also calculates the advisability of applying these or other design solutions. And not always it is the financial justification that drives the project developers in the process of optimization of the technical solution. Often, the focus is on improving safety or minimizing future operating costs.