Motives of loneliness in Lermontov's lyrics: the plan of the composition

Lermontov's poetry inspires, fascinates with its depth, his works are truly masterpieces. His poetry is infinitely multifaceted: the greatest poet wrote on themes of nature, love, fatherland. But the motifs of loneliness in Lermontov's lyrics certainly go through the whole creation. The plan of the composition should be made, proceeding from its various emotional and literary shades. Lermontov loneliness is different, it carries a different semantic and psychological load, it exists in several forms in parallel, revealing to us the soul of the poet.

The poem "Sail"

At the mention of the name of Lermontov, the majority of his most famous poem "Parus" comes to mind in the memory of the majority. From the very beginning, the reader seems to dive into the sea of endless loneliness of the poet. "A lonely sail grows white / In the fog of the blue sea ..." - such words begin the work. The word "lonely" is immediately discarded in the eyes. No wonder the poet uses it here: he uses the method of inversion, allocating this word to the reader, emphasizing that it is key in the poem.

It is from this work that we should begin to describe the motives of loneliness in Lermontov's lyrics. The writing on this subject usually begins with Sails, and it's no accident. The lyrical hero here is a sail, he is also a romantic image, having his own character and even his soul. "And he, rebellious, asks for storms, / As if in the storm there is peace." In reality, the sail is the soul of the poet himself. It is she, and not the sail of "happiness does not seek and does not run from happiness".

The poem "Cliff"

If in the poem "Sail" the lyrical hero seems to revel in his loneliness, then in another lyrical work he suffers from this loneliness. "He stands, lonely, deep in thought / And he quietly cries in the desert ..." - sad and endlessly ends Lermontov's poem "Cliff". The reader is again attracted by the word "lonely" that speaks for itself.

The meaning of the word "desert" also carries its meaning. In the context of this poem, it means a place where there is absolutely nothing, empty, lonely. A solitary cliff suffers, quietly weeping in the middle of the desert, like a man thrown to the mercy of fate.

The poem "I'm leaving alone on the road ..."

Lermontov's next poem about life and death and about constant solitude. Again, the above motif is present. From the first line of the hero again alone with himself, he goes to the road in thought.

It is not for nothing that the motives for loneliness in Lermontov's lyrics are so primary . His poems allow you to look into the soul of the poet. After all, he, like a lyrical hero, remained alone with himself for the rest of his life. Lonely and proud, he was always faithful to his own detachment from a vain and unjust world.

Loneliness as a civil position of the poet

M.Yu. Lermontov had to live and work in times of tough political reaction that took place in Russia after the bloody suppression of the Decembrist uprising. The picture of cruelty and imperfection of the world was supplemented by the fact that the poet lost his mother at an early age. It shaped him as an observer of life, sad and philosophical-dreamy. But most often the lyrical hero in Lermontov's poems is a person not littered with loneliness, but proud, opposed to the unjust world and society. The lyrics of the poet are filled with a hidden protest against all forms of slavery - internal and external, political, when a person is not free to express his position directly, openly.

The lyrical hero, as well as the poet himself at that time, does not find a place in a motley society, in a love life, in friendship, or even in his Motherland. In the poem "Dumas" very clearly traced the motives of loneliness in the lyrics of Lermontov. The summary of the poem is as follows: the poet honestly and openly says how much the modern young generation has lagged behind in terms of spirituality, how cowardly and cowardly it is. The poet complains that the young people are simply scared off before the mass riot of despotism and tyranny, this causes him an attack of angry contempt. At the same time Lermontov does not separate himself from his unworthy generation, speaking not "they", but "we". The poet also condemns himself, condemning him from the standpoint of future generations.

Through the poem "How often, a motley crowd surrounded" very clearly reflected the motives of loneliness in the lyrics of Lermontov. Here, the poet is absolutely one among the masks, "decency styanutyh." He disliked their society, as well as the touch of soulless "beauties of the city." The poet in splendid solitude confronts this whole crowd, he is ready to "brazenly throw an iron verse" in their face, pouring it "bitterness and anger."

Loneliness of the poet in love and friendship

In Lermontov's poem "And boring and sad" life is treated as "an empty and silly joke." It makes no sense, if at the time of loneliness, even "no one to shake hands." It reflects not only Lermontov loneliness among the crowd, but also his attitude to love and friendship. It is easy to trace his complete disbelief in love. After all, loving "for a while - it's not worth the trouble", forever it is simply impossible to love.

The same motifs of loneliness in Lermontov's lyrics are also traced in the poem "Gratitude". In it, the poet thanks his beloved for the "poison of the kiss," "for the bitterness of tears," even "for the revenge of enemies, for the slander of friends." However, you should not understand this literally. In such gratitude lies the reproach in the insincerity of human feelings, when even a kiss the poet considers "poison", friends in his notion are hypocrites who slandered him.

The lonely hero is a lyric hero and in the poem "No, I do not love you so passionately ...", where he remembers "past suffering", and youth considers "dead." Loneliness pushes him to memories, he again sees a "living mouth" before him, a burning "fire in his eyes." But the reality of the poet is completely different, he does not even want to think, that his lips have become "long dumb", that the life-fire in his eyes "has long gone out." Again, the poet remains alone with the past, he does not want to meet with the present.

Loneliness and Suffering

The motives of loneliness in Lermontov's lyrics, in particular in the poem "Testament", are interesting. It is written in the form of the deathbed confession of a soldier who perishes in a war. The work includes a woman with an empty heart. The soldier says so much about her: "Do not pity the heart". He bitterly exclaims: "Let her cry ... It does not mean anything." In the person of this person, the author depicted all the cruelty and injustice that the fighter experienced in his life. The motive of loneliness is very bright here. Although the lyric hero has parents, he does not believe in himself and in earthly love.

The poem "Prayer" is written in the form of a monologue of the lyric hero. He prays for the happiness of his beloved, taking care of her soul. The tragedy of deep spiritual loneliness is present here. Troubles and privations did not destroy the interest and participation of the lyrical hero in the life and fate of a person who could not keep spiritual purity. The author sympathizes with even the one whose spirituality could not stand the test, could not cope with the influence of the "cold world".

Loneliness also shows the poem "In the North Wild." It tells of a pine tree that stands "alone on a bare top" and dreams of a palm tree "in the desert of the distant." Palma also stands "alone and sad." Pine dreams of a close soul, languishing somewhere in the far overseas lands.

The theme of Motherland and loneliness

Another theme, closely related to the motive of loneliness, also plays an important role in all of Lermontov's lyrics. This is the theme of the Motherland. Here, many writers note how similar in this context are the motives of loneliness in the lyrics of Lermontov and Pushkin:

• The attitude of both these poets to Russia has always been ambiguous.
• They loved Russian nature and admired it, but they did not accept the autocracy and the laws that prevailed in the society of those times.

It is impossible not to mention the poem "Homeland", describing the motives of loneliness in Lermontov's lyrics. The work must be supplemented with his analysis, because it is in this work that Lermontov confesses that he loves his homeland, but "with strange love". The author wants to see the Russia where the "trembling lights of the sad villages" flashed, where the "smoke of the burned stubble" was felt, where one could see "a couple of whitening birches among yellow fields".

Conclusion

Considering the motives of loneliness in Lermontov's lyrics, it must be said that the poet was able to reveal this theme excellently. His lyrical characters are not just lonely, they are full of energy, pure noble indignation, they want to change the reality around them. The lyrics of the poet reflected his whole multi-faceted spiritual world.