Lightweight structures for explosion protection of industrial buildings

Lightweight throwing windows are designed to reduce the excess pressure that occurs when interacting combustible vapor-gas-dust-air mixtures inside the production, storage or other premises. They are subject to certain technical requirements. Norms concerning quality are established by GOST. Lightweight structures differ in the field of application, the method of fastening the rotary element and other features. Let us consider them in detail.

Classification of GOST

Lightweight structures are devices that ensure the release of the opening when subjected to loads. As stated above, these devices differ depending on the scope of application. In particular, lightweight structures of industrial buildings and residential buildings are used. Depending on the type of opening, the opening is distinguished:

1. Rotary devices. Such easily fledged structures are equipped with a sash. If there is an excess pressure from the internal deflagration explosion, it opens outward due to the rotation of the fixing loops around the axis.
2. Displacable, easily resettable structures for explosion protection of industrial buildings and residential buildings. In this case, a double-glazed window or a frame with a double-glazed window is provided. The displaced element falls out under the influence of excessive pressure.

Another category is singled out. Lightweight structures differ in the type of sash attachment. It can provide a horizontal or vertical hinge. An example of lightweight structures of different types is presented in the article.

Designation

Lightweight structures for explosion protection of industrial buildings in technical documentation are specified as LSCOS. Additionally, it is necessary to designate the field of application. For industrial enterprises, this is an abbreviation for PR, for residential, respectively, G. In addition, there should be an indication of the type of opening of the opening: C - shiftable, P - rotary. For designs of some types the designation of technical or normative document is given.

Characteristics

Lightweight throwing structures of explosion protection with double-glazed windows must be made in accordance with the requirements of the standard, a set of technical documentation, depending on the material used to create the translucent part and frame elements, architectural pattern, the method of placing the leaf or the displaced part, the normalized performance properties, the model. They must provide for locking devices that perform safety functions. These elements can be presented in the form of latches, collapsible and other elements, by means of which the release of the swing flap or the displaced part is effected under the influence of excessive pressure.

Installation

Lightweight-throwing enclosing structures are used in premises of structures or fire compartments for warehouse and industrial purposes cat. A and B. It is allowed to assemble the products in other places. For example, installation in non-categorized buildings, cat. B, D, D to ensure resistance to explosions.

Additionally

Locking safety components when reaching an excess pressure of 0.7 kPa in the room should ensure the opening of the leaf or the reset of the displaced part. The failure-free operation of the structure is provided in the case of operation at a temperature of -30 ... +45 deg. The opening angle of the sash must be at least 90 degrees. Locking safety devices in displaceable structures are designed in such a way as to ensure complete clearing of the opening. When these elements function, the energy from the reaction of the combustible gas-air mixture is used. Use of additional power supplies is not required.

Technical requirements

Lightweight structures consist of standard frame parts. To them, in particular, include sashes, linens, boxes, transoms and windows. In addition, a special element is envisaged-a displaceable part or a rotary leaf. The structure is maintained by inserting these components into a standard frame. In this case, special elements must be equipped with a locking safety device. The installation of the displaceable part or the swing flap is carried out so that it does not interfere with the operation of the entire unit. The connection of the corner elements can be done with the help of spikes and glue, welding, mechanical ties, etc.

An Important Moment

Lightweight structures designed for installation in administrative and residential buildings should provide the possibility of ventilation. The product is designed so that after installation it is possible to replace its elements (glass, locking devices, sealing gaskets, etc.) without disrupting the integrity of the unit. Swinging parts of structures mounted in residential, administrative and public buildings must be opened in the premises. Exceptions are products equipped with pivots of the outer type. For filling the translucent part glued insulating glass units are used.

Lightweight structures in the boiler room, in the warehouse or in the production hall may not be equipped with opening elements, except for the swing flap. At the same time, if natural lighting is not required for these rooms , the glass unit can be replaced with a sandwich panel or other opaque material, if it is provided for in the design documentation. In this case, the performance characteristics set by the standard should be maintained, in addition to the light transmittance.

Regulations

The state standards set requirements that must be met:

1. Area of lightweight structures.
2. Limits of sagging flaps.
3. The size of the gaps in the vestibule.
4. The location of loops and appliances.
5. Strength of connecting elements.
6. Quality of materials.
7. Method of glazing.
8. Double-glazed windows.
9. Sealing gaskets.
10. The form.
11. Appearance.
12. Clean surface treatment.
13. Quality of coatings.

The specifications for these characteristics are present in GOST-23166.

Materials and components

Lightweight structures are made in accordance with the design and technical documentation. It indicates the parameters of materials and components used in the manufacture of products. All parts and raw materials for production must have passports, in which the mark of the department of technical control is marked, or quality certificates. Components, materials and protective and decorative coatings used in production must have resistance to climatic influences. The main elements include:

1. Glasses / double glazing.
2. Devices for locking.
3. Sealing gaskets.
4. Loops.
5. Locking safety devices.

In the manufacture of products are also used:

1. Decoration Materials.
2. Adhesives.

These raw materials and components are tested for strength in specialized accredited centers. As a translucent structural element is used sheet glass, corresponding to GOST-111, double-glazed windows in accordance with GOST-24866. They must be resistant to wind loads by building rules and regulations. The minimum permissible thickness parameters are determined depending on the dimensions of the flaps, the type of glazing, the resistance class and the grade of glass. Hinges, devices, fasteners are used in accordance with GOST-538. The components must have documentation on sanitary safety, issued in accordance with the established procedure. The devices used in the design also have certain requirements:

1. The index of resistance of the static load acting on the elements is not less than 500 N.
2. The force applied to the flaps during closing to the required level of compression of the gaskets is not more than 120 N.

Equipment

Lightweight construction is supplied complete. The kit includes:

1. Directly the product itself.
2. Passport with a mandatory mark on acceptance in the department of technical control.
3. Instructions for installation.
4. Rules of operation.

Passport

This document contains information on:

1. The name and address of the manufacturer or its trademark.
2. Conditional designation.
3. Certification, lot number.
4. The main technical characteristics of the product. Here, among other things, the excess pressure is indicated, at which the opening of the safety devices takes place, as well as the specific mass of the wing or the displaced part.
5. Warranty obligations.
6. The number of products in the party.
7. Certification of components.
8. The date of shipment.

The passport is allowed to introduce instructions for the installation and subsequent operation of the product in separate sections.

Marking

It is carried out by a label or waterproof paint. Marking is applied to the face of the upper section of the vertical profile. The designation shall contain:

1. Name or trademark of the manufacturer.
2. The conventional designation of the construction according to the norms of the standard.
3. Sign of appeal.
4. The serial number of the structure / lot, the date of production.

Marking on the shipping container is applied by black paint on the stencil. General rules for designations on packaging are provided in GOST-14192. Requirements for the font size, methods of application are given in technical documents.

Packaging

Transportation of lightweight structures is carried out in containers according to GOST-23170. Products are placed in boxes using spacers (foam pallets). Norms do not prohibit the transportation of structures without handles, which are included with the fastening elements. Devices or parts thereof before installation on the product must be packed in polyethylene film or other material that ensures their safety. The requirements for packaging are given in the design documents. The transportation of structures by road transport in racks located at an angle of 10-15 degrees is permitted. Subject to the preservation of their external (commodity) type. In this case, the products are packed in polyethylene film.

Installation requirements

They are described in the installation instructions. Installation of structures is performed by representatives of specialized enterprises, by buyers independently or by employees of teams of manufacturing companies. The instructions should include:

1. Technical requirements for installation.
2. Safety regulations.
3. List of parts and materials, including those used for installation.
4. Contents and sequence of operations for installation.

Security Requirements

They are listed in the operating instructions. The structures must be safe and reliable when used and during maintenance. The movable part or the swing leaf is equipped with a bright red label. There must be warning signs on it: "Warning: Do not lean in! Open out". The safety of the displaced element or leaf from unauthorized opening from the outside is allowed to be ensured by installing an alarm on the window. It is allowed to use other technical means, provided that they do not interfere with the functioning of the product.

Acceptance rules

The structures must be checked by the technical control department. As a confirmation of acceptance is the marking of the product and a mark in the passport. The structures are tested in batches. They should be understood as the number of products manufactured per shift by one model.

Compliance with quality indicators

It is provided by:

1. Input control of components and materials.
2. Operational supervision of the production process.
3. Acceptance tests of finished products.
4. Acceptance checks of parties.
5. Periodic testing.

Transportation

Transportation of structures is carried out with the help of any type of transport, ensuring the safety of quality. This can be a container or containerless way of transporting products, unfastened in bundles, in accordance with the requirements provided for in the regulatory documentation. Transportation of structures is carried out according to the rules of cargo movement, which is valid for a particular type of vehicle.

Storage

The conditions for the maintenance of structures must comply with GOST-15150. Storage of products in unheated, dry rooms is permitted. They can be placed in containers or stored in an upright position on wooden pads. In the latter case, the angle of inclination of the structures 10-15 degrees should be observed.

Other instructions

Safety measures for the installation of structures, preparation for installation, as well as for the operation of products must comply with the requirements specified in the instructions. Inspection, repair and maintenance are carried out only by qualified personnel. It is prohibited to unauthorizedly open the sash or the displaced part, opening, adjusting or repairing the locking safety device.