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How to create special effects in movies?

Modern cinema can not be imagined without spectacular scenes, which are created with the help of special effects. This is what makes it possible to transfer the viewer to fantastic worlds, transform beyond recognition of the scenery and the characters of the films. Let's find out how special effects are created in movies. Photos that show the implementation of advanced technology when shooting movies, also look at the material.

A short excursion into the history

The starting point in creating the amazing effects is 1977. It was at this time that the first part of the extremely successful Star Wars franchise appeared on the wide screens. Thanks to the innovative ideas of the talented director George Lucas, the spectator was able to see realistic battles in outer space for the first time, to get acquainted with the unknown worlds, bizarre inhabitants of distant planets, and also enjoy battles on the legendary lightsabers. Breathtaking spirit background creators of the film could be realized by overlaying drawings on blue screens. Huge spaceships and other large-scale objects were created by shooting miniature mock-ups.

The stunning success of the "Star Wars" picture pushed George Lucas to the idea of creating a whole studio called Industrial Light and Magic, whose staff was engaged in the development and implementation of innovative effects. Later, the company's achievements were involved in the filming of such blockbusters as "Jurassic Park", "Terminator-2: Judgment Day".

Animatronics

How do special effects in movies make fantastic creations seem real to the viewer? This is achieved through the use of animatronics. The essence of technology is in the preparation of robotic mock-ups of mobile objects. The idea was first realized by Steven Spielberg during the filming of the painting "Jurassic Park" back in 1993. Here, only a small part of the scenes involving dinosaurs was created thanks to the use of computer graphics. The main focus of the director was on using animatronics and shooting people in animal costumes.

Drawn pictures

At the beginning of the last century, cinema began to resort widely to a reception known as matte painting. At that time, computer graphics did not yet exist. Therefore, the background, which was used in the filming of films, the artists had to draw by hand. The task of the animators was to prepare the backgrounds, which organically combined with the props and did not enter into dissonance with the images of the actors.

The technology of creating painted scenery was actively used until the end of the 90's. Today, this method is resorted to more and more rarely. After all, matte painting was replaced by digital special effects.

Motion Capture

How do special effects in movies? Today, one of the most popular techniques for filming movies is motion capture. The essence of technology is as follows. The performer of the role is dressed in a special suit, covered with numerous sensors. The latter record information about the movements of a person in the computer. Due to the obtained data, a mobile 3D model is created on the screen.

For the first time, the motion capture technology was successfully implemented during the filming of the first part of the movie trilogy "The Lord of the Rings". The character Golum, in whose role the famous British actor Andy Serkis acted, actively interacted with the environment and other characters precisely thanks to motion capture. Each scene with the artist's participation was simultaneously shot by more than a dozen cameras. Then, based on the resulting image, a single three-dimensional model was created, which realistically transmitted not only the movements of the actor, but also the live facial expressions of the person.

A new breakthrough in the development of technology took place during the filming of the blockbuster "Avatar" directed by James Cameron. To create the most believable characters the facial expressions of actors' faces, their body movements and sound were recorded simultaneously. Thus, the creators of the picture managed to create for the first time in the history of cinema truly realistic computer characters. An example of how such special effects were realized in movies, before and after, can be seen in the photo presented below.

Bullet Time

At one time, truly unique, innovative special effects in the cinema were realized by the Wachowski brothers - the directors of the cult blockbuster "Matrix". Among dozens of original solutions, which were addressed by the creators of the picture during filming, special attention deserves a reception known as Bullet Time (bullet time). The film directors installed on the site several dozen cameras. The latter simultaneously shot a person in motion from a wide variety of angles. Thus, the viewer had the impression that the operator was moving around the actor while he was trying to evade the bullet in the fall. Later, similar special effects in the cinema were repeatedly used by other directors.

Computer graphics

The first absolutely computer character appeared in front of the viewer on the screen in 1985 in the film "Young Sherlock Holmes". To prepare a model of the ghost knight, which consisted of fragments of church stained glass, the creators of the painting took more than six months.

Modern software allows you to realize the worked computer images of absolutely any characters. Many scenery are created thanks to chromakey - shooting episodes on a green background. Such special effects in the cinema make it possible to draw all sorts of backgrounds behind the actors already at the stage of editing and post-processing of the tape.

A vivid example of the use of the "green screen" is the picture "Sin City". In the presented film, absolutely all scenes are shot against this background, and the scenery is the result of the implementation of modern computer graphics.

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