Fighting parasitism in Russia. Methods of struggle

Today the term "parasite" is used in a domestic, and often frankly comic context. And yet, half a century ago this word was practically a curse and was used to refer to anti-social criminals. In the current constitution of the RF employment is defined as voluntary. But why then a significant percentage of our compatriots do not want to work honestly? Is there a struggle against parasitism in Russia today and what awaits the unemployed?

Employment of the population in the USSR

In prerevolutionary Russia, of course, there were people who did not have a certain type of employment and who lived at the expense of their loved ones. The public treated them unkindly, but at the legislative level the reluctance to work was in no way mentioned or punished. The fight against parasitism in Russia began in the days of the USSR.

Every citizen had to work for the benefit of his family and state and to lead a "correct" (by Soviet standards) and socially useful life. The Constitution of the USSR in 1936 was the wording: "Work in the USSR is a duty and a matter of honor for every able-bodied citizen by the principle: who does not work, he does not eat." In 1961, a decree was adopted, according to which the struggle against capable persons who are evading socially useful work should be strengthened. Parasitism in Russia was determined by the following signs: vagrancy, begging and other parasitic ways of life. Under the last definition could get to all people who have not worked for more than 4 consecutive months or in a total amount of more than a year.

Was it often punished by parasites?

Article 209 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR provided for citizens who maliciously evade labor, criminal liability. Most often, the punishment provided for deprivation of liberty and correctional labor. This article frightened many citizens who did not want and do not feel the need to work. There are historical cases in which famous artists in the early stages of their careers were specially arranged for low-paid and non-prestigious positions, just to avoid punishment. However, in practice this bill was to act only as an intimidating tool. The state needed citizens working for its good, and not many convicts.

There are cases when article 209 was used for political purposes. "Unfavorable" people could specifically dismiss and refuse employment, after which they condemn for parasitism. But against the usual "persons leading a parasitic way of life", loud trials were practically not conducted. More often than not, one propaganda and warning was enough to attract to socially useful work.

Unemployment in the era of perestroika

After the collapse of the USSR, the era of state monopolies was replaced by a new era of capitalism. Business was popular with the population. And people who are in active search of work, there was a choice: to find a job in a municipal institution or a private company. The fight against parasitism in Russia was discontinued, as many large enterprises went bankrupt, and a significant percentage of the population were left without work. In 1991, a law was passed that recognized unemployment and abolished criminal liability for parasitism. And a little later, the term from the Russian Constitution disappeared altogether.

Origin of the term

In modern Russia, the definition of "parasitism" has no legal interpretation. Modern explanatory dictionaries give the following explanation: idleness, life at the expense of others, refusal to work, parasitism. Accordingly, parasites are those who live at the expense of others, doing nothing for their own well-being.

If you look at the term from a linguistic point of view, you can see that it came from an obsolete "tuna" ("in tunas", "tunnos"), meaning "free", "gift". The second part of the word is derived from the modern verb "is" (meaning "eating food"). We get literally "parasitism" - just so, roughly and unpleasantly, denoted parasitism as a phenomenon and the desire of individual citizens not to work for the welfare of the state.

Statistical data

Before we seek an answer to the question of how to deal with parasitism and parasites in Russia, let us try to assess the extent of this problem. For today in our country about 48 million people are employed by all the rules. Another 20 million prefer to work without registration, "on contract" or receive a salary in an envelope. But there are also about 18 million people whose occupation is completely problematic.

Who prevents parasitism in Russia? The fight against citizens who do not want to work is becoming an increasingly discussed topic. Why are officials so interested in what the Russians are doing? The answer is trivial and simple: while the population hides its revenues from the state, the treasury does not receive a significant percentage of taxes.

St. Petersburg bill against parasitism

Deputies of the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg last year proposed the proposal to amend the legislation of our state and resume criminal liability for willful deviation from labor. Do officials offer to fight against parasitism in the Russian Federation? Petersburg deputies propose to punish those who evade employment (if there are suitable vacancies) for 6 months and longer, corrective and forced labor for up to 1 year.

The bill is aimed primarily at those who work "on contract", "on themselves" or engaged in entrepreneurial activities without registration of IP. There are exceptions: pregnant women and mothers with children under the age of 14; Persons under the age of majority; Citizens who have dependent children with disabilities or incompetent relatives and some other categories.

However, to date, this bill is being finalized, and the fight against parasitism in Russia has not yet begun. The thing is that, according to the current constitution, labor is voluntary, and any activity must be carried out by a person at his will. Accordingly, the state has no right to force and force the population to work.

Why do not people want to work?

What, in fact, do citizens in our country who do not have official employment do? A significant percentage of the population of our country works on a "contractual" basis. Do not be surprised if at the interview the employer tells about all the intricacies of the design in his firm and hints that you will not have to wait for paid sick-leaves and vacations (as well as observance of other TC items). And many job seekers are satisfied with these conditions, as often in commercial companies wages are much higher than in municipal organizations.

High percentage of freelancers, as well as persons engaged in illegal business activities. The first category includes qualified specialists who work by arrangement directly with the customer, to the second - citizens who offer goods and services to the population without issuing an IP.

Conditionally parasites can be called and persons living on dividends from their own investments. Someone has a solid amount in the bank and receives monthly interest, the other rents real estate for rent.

What does the labor exchange offer?

Not everyone knows, but the "unemployed" is an official status, which can be obtained by registering with the employment center . On the question of how to deal with the parasitism of people in Russia, this organization offers its answer. In fact, you can always get a job, there would be a desire. Getting the official status of the "unemployed" opens new perspectives for the person. The Employment Center not only charges benefits, but also regularly offers new vacancies. Also with the help of the labor exchange it is possible to improve or change qualifications, to get a new profession.

But if everything is so simple, why do people still look for work independently or choose to give up work? The thing is that the employment service often offers vacancies in municipal organizations, with low salaries, and even with conditions and requirements that do not match the wishes and capabilities of the candidate. As for the unemployment benefit, today it is 800 to 5000 rubles a month.

There is no unequivocal answer to the question of how to deal with parasitism in Russia today. It is possible that some reforms in this area to our state are simply necessary. However, this is the case when it is necessary to offer the population more opportunities, rather than burden it with unnecessary obligations by restricting freedom.