EGP Australia: features, characteristics, main features, pros and cons

There are no states in the modern world that, like Australia, could boast of the fact that their area occupies a whole continent. The "Green Continent" (as is often said about the Australian Union) is the only country completely isolated from the neighboring powers by the waters of the oceans from all sides. In the direction to the south-east of Eurasia, the continent occupies a rather profitable EGP. Australia is characterized by isolation and remoteness from the whole modern world, but this fact does not in the least prevent the country from being considered one of the highly developed in the world.

Geographical location of the continent

Waters of the Pacific and Indian oceans wash its banks. About 99% of the territory of the Australian Union is located on the mainland. The islands, including Tasmania, occupy the remainder of the area to which the sovereignty of the state extends. About 7.7 million square meters. Km allow Australia to be among the ten largest countries in the world, confidently occupying the 6th line in the corresponding rating. It is ahead of Russia, the Republic of China, North American states - the USA, Canada, and Brazil.

In order to cross the territory of Australia from east to west and from south to east by car, it will take about a week. After all, the length of the continent is almost 4,5 thousand kilometers, and the width - slightly exceeds 3 thousand km. In the central part of the continent is the Southern Tropic.

Australia is an economically developed country

Especial attention deserves the EGP of Australia. Pros and cons of its remoteness from other modern states significantly affect all spheres of the country's life. The relatively close location of Australia to the powers in the south of Asia and Oceania in many respects positively affects the maintenance of international relations and trade partnership of this state with world leaders. The continent is a full member of many influential international organizations, including the UN, the IMF and others.

But the fact that the country does not have land borders, is an obstacle to the implementation of many trade projects and the maintenance of economic ties with other powers. In addition, it is the costs of transporting products from Australia that account for most of the logistics costs.

It should be noted right away that Australia is undoubtedly a highly developed, modern country, whose economy is exemplary for the multitude of today's powers in transition to a market economy. Indicators of GNP allow it to occupy the leading positions in the world division of labor. At the same time, the main specialized branch of the Australian Union is the agro-raw materials sector.

Climatic features of the continent and a brief history of its settlement

The characteristic of the EGP of Australia allows us to analyze the profitability of its location relative to other states and to understand how the location of the continent affected the establishment of such a successful and leading in many countries indicators. "Green continent" extends in several climatic zones. If we consider their sequence from north to south, then it will look like this:

• Subequatorial (on the territory of the northern regions of the continent).
• Tropical (occupies the central part of the country).
• Subtropical (southern regions of Australia).
• Moderate (the island of Tasmania).

Even in the XVII century, the features of the EGP of Australia interested seafarers. The mainland was discovered in 1606 by the Dutchman Willem Jansson, although most historians believe that the discoverer of the continent is James Cook, who proclaimed the Kingdom of England to be the owner of Australian lands. For the first time its ships moored to the coast in 1770.

The Parliament of England did not hesitate to assign parts of the mainland and Oceania. The law on the formation on its territory of a settlement of prisoners finally extended the ownership of Europeans to wild lands until recently.

During the period from 1788 to the 50-ies of the XIX century in Australia arrived about 340 thousand people, half of whom were convicts, and the second - free immigrants. Thus, the population of the country was formed and the Anglo-Australian nation was formed.

State structure and economic and geographical position of Australia

The main features of the EGP of Australia determined its administrative-political division. The federal state to which it is is part of the Commonwealth of Great Britain and includes six states, among which:

• Western Australia;
• South Australia;
• Victoria;
• Queensland;
• Tasmania;
• N.S.W.

Officially, the head of the Australian continent is the Queen of Great Britain. The governor-general, who carries out his activities on behalf of the monarchy, is appointed at the insistence of the local government.

In 1931, Australia received almost complete freedom and sovereignty. Both in domestic affairs and in the country's activities in the international arena, Australia has gained sufficient autonomy.

Oceania in the economic and geographical position of Australia

Oceania takes a significant place in the EGP of Australia. Briefly it can be described as a complex of islands of various origins. The largest and most developed is Tasmania, and the islands of Ashmore and Cartier are uninhabited. Located in tropical and equatorial latitudes, the air temperature in these areas varies within + 23-30 ° C. A large amount of precipitation on the islands (up to 15 000 mm per year) contributes to the presence of a rich flora and fauna. However, one can not say the same about Australia. It is called the driest continent of the entire globe.

Minerals on the continent

A huge role in the EGP of Australia is played by deserts. Extensive sandy areas that extend more than 2.5 km from the coast of the Indian Ocean to the Great Dividing Range are considered unfit for habitation and have not been used by humans for a long time. The high air temperature, which is about + 35 ° С by average annual indicators, and almost complete absence of precipitation did their job - up to the middle of the last century about 35% of the continent was empty and was considered useless.

But the discovered deposits of minerals radically changed the situation. Work to extract valuable resources is ongoing to this day. Deposits of gold, coal, uranium, iron ore, manganese and lead allowed Australia to "fly" to the top of the world's rankings in terms of mineral wealth. Today, Australia is one of the largest producers and suppliers of natural raw materials.

In conclusion about Australia

So, in a relatively short time span, the state passed a most complicated path of development. EGP Australia allowed the state to go from the colonial appendage of the British Empire to an independent country with a high standard of living. A huge role in this belongs to the flow of immigrants from the European part because it is their fate that has the task of raising and developing the new state. Highly qualified specialists, including representatives of working specialties, and engineers, have made their most valuable contribution to the formation of the modern Australian Union.

Australia's EGP, despite its separation from the rest of the world, remains the best of the producers of food and agricultural products for a century. More than 60% of all the country's products are exported. Developed in the country are also the sectors of dairy production, industry, winemaking and brewing.