Dispatching system: design, installation, installation, maintenance

Modern large shopping centers, business buildings, as well as homeowners' associations and private properties, need constant technical control. The management of ventilation, water supply, electricity, it is impossible to carry out without the help of special computer programs. They automatically control and change the operation of the mechanisms, and in case of possible malfunctions and in emergency situations the system gives an alarm signal. This building management (Building Management System) is called "dispatching system". More details about how it is designed and installed, we will discuss in our article.

Dispatching system: working principles

Modern dispatchers are equipped with computers controlling engineering systems. They are switched with controllers in server and frequency converters on the installed engineering equipment. The dispatch and automation systems are designed to facilitate nableniya for the equipment of the building.

Using a computer, the dispatcher at the enterprise, and the owner or attendants in the private house, monitors the temperature change of the supply air, the pressure drops in the pipes and controls other parameters of the various equipment.

Remote control

Remotely, it is possible to control ventilation air handling units. Changing the percentage of opening the refrigerant valve, you can affect the temperature of the supply air. The dispatching system of the building remotely monitors the following objects:

1. Individual heat point.
2. Main power distribution board and input distribution devices.
3. Indoor and outdoor lighting.
4. Gas supply.
5. Supply and exhaust ventilation systems.
6. Air conditioners and fan coils.
7. Water supply and sewerage.
8. The system of water disposal (drainage pits and storm sewage).
9. Fire alarm and fire suppression of air.
10. Gauges of parking spaces.
11. Control access to the building.
12. Lift and escalator equipment.

Initial preparation and adjustment

The installation of the described equipment should be considered at the construction stage of the building. The design of dispatching systems is carried out by special contract organizations.

The project should provide cable channels that connect all equipment to communicate with the server. On the server blocks, cables come from the chastotniki, which are placed on installations, pumps, power equipment and other systems.

The server room should be placed in a separate, well ventilated room, in order to cool the power supplies and fans installed inside the server racks.

Installation work

Installation of dispatching systems is usually carried out by specially hired contractors. As a rule, they have their own ready projects, but they can also work on the projects of the customer. Maintenance of the dispatching system at the stage of warranty service is performed by the contractor who installed this equipment.

After the warranty period of the service, the work control can be carried out by the duty brigade. Usually the maintenance of the system is handled by a low-current engineer. In different collectives there is a set schedule, and the effectiveness of the operation of low-voltage devices with equipment depends on this.

Internal filling of the control system

There are several computer programs that monitor the equipment installed on the facility. Not so long ago, the popular programs were Honeywell and Johnson Controls. Now Siemens, Orion and other less common programs are usually installed on new objects, as well as modified by Honeywell and Johnson Controls.

The object dispatching system requires constant monitoring and updating. Typically, all systems are installed with a long warranty period, and then, at the end of the warranty period, the same contractors fulfill the installation and maintenance obligations.

For elevator equipment, everything is installed depending on which contractor company performs installation and maintenance of elevator control systems (Kone-Lift, ThyssenKrupp AG, Otis and others).

How does the fire fighting system work?

Automation is also installed on fire-fighting equipment. It works when the smoke detectors fire and sends an alarm signal to the control room. The dispatcher on the monitor sees the location of the sensor and reports the incident to the duty shift.

If two smoke detectors are triggered , the alarm signal of an immediate evacuation message will sound on the entire building. At the same time, the system of air supply in the elevator shafts will turn on. Elevators will automatically lower to the first floor and open the doors, not responding to calls and orders.

How is automation controlled?

On the equipment installed in the building, there are sensors and instrumentation. They collect information about the state of the equipment and interact with controllers that transmit the signal to the automation system and the computer installed in the control room. The operator-dispatcher on the working monitor sees the state of the system and, if necessary, controls the settings.

The ventilation system adjusts the set parameters according to the room temperature settings. If these are supply and exhaust units equipped with a recuperator, heat exchanger and cold circuit, the automation maintains the desired temperature by closing or opening the cold water valve or increasing the speed of the recuperator. All these changes the dispatcher observes on the monitor screen in the control room.

In the cold season, when the outside air temperature falls below twenty degrees Celsius, it is possible to transfer the settings by the dispatcher or on-duty personnel to manual mode to prevent the heat exchanger from freezing.

By setting the necessary parameters on its control panel (computer), the dispatcher observes the changes and the operation process of the plants. Usually the leading engineers, taking care of the normal operation of the equipment, place the schedule and the schedule of the ventilation systems on a special stand or in the operational log of the dispatcher. According to him, the dispatching system controls the processes of heat exchange and cooling supply.

Security Systems

Mentioning about dispatch control systems, one should not forget about special dispatching systems for the security structure. Shortly they are called ACS (access control system). It does not commute with the ventilation control system and other engineering equipment and is equipped with a special computer.

The control computer receives signals from all electromagnetic locks, turnstiles and other electronic readers, including a system for monitoring the entry and exit of vehicles from the parking lot. All passes issued to employees and staff have numbers that can be used to determine when the employee passed through the turnstile or the door equipped with a magnetic lock. All these data, also transmitted by magnetic sensors, are sent to a special access control computer.

The remote access control system is connected to the fire safety engineering system. In the event of an emergency, it will automatically unlock the doors of all emergency exits.

An important place in the work of building management systems is the server's uninterruptible power supply. In case of a drawdown voltage, it will save it on the dispatcher console and allow you to turn off the system without losing data.

Where building management systems are used

Without a building management system, no modern business center can manage. Even ordinary lighting in buildings is turned on through the dispatch system. In addition, in security centers, an important role is played in the business centers. Therefore, access control systems are also installed. They ensure the operation of storage facilities, as well as entry and exit from parking spaces. The same applies to elevator and escalator equipment.

In any buildings, installation of dispatching systems facilitates the work of duty personnel and allows saving energy resources, creating comfortable conditions in the premises