Classification of teaching aids.

The means of teaching in didactics is used to identify a particular component of the learning process. They are of great importance for the implementation of the managerial and information function of the teacher. In addition, they are material or ideal objects used to develop new knowledge, practical and cognitive activity and the formation of experience. Classification of teaching aids is ambiguous, therefore different scientists have different approaches to this issue. The means of professional training are tools used by the teacher and students in their work.

Currently, there is more than one classification of teaching aids. In fact, there are a lot of them and all of them differ from each other based on their sign. So, on the composition of objects they can be divided into material, that is, equipment, premises, schedule, computers, furniture, and ideal, that is, sign models, imaginative representations, thought experiments.

If we pay attention to the way the teaching aids relate to the sources of emergence, then we can distinguish such groups: natural ones are herbaria, preparations, natural objects, and artificial - textbooks, pictures, instruments. There is also a classification of complexity. It includes simple (maps, models) and sophisticated (computers, VCRs) learning tools.

By the way they are used, they are divided into static, for example, slides, and dynamic, for example, video. In addition, learning tools can relate to different objects. This means that they are used by the teacher, like a class journal, or by students, like a workbook.

Classification of teaching aids by the nature of the impact is as follows: auditory - tape recorder, visual - measuring instruments, diagrams and audiovisual - computer. In addition, it is possible to divide them and by the features of their structure. Suppose that a flat scheme refers to a three-dimensional globe, and to a virtual one - various multimedia presentations.

In the process of distinguishing different groups of training facilities, attention should be paid to the fact that the information carrier is also different. In this context, we can distinguish the following groups: paper - a textbook, laser - DVD, CD-ROM, electronic - various computer programs and magneto-optical - films. In addition, do not forget that there are different levels of education content. Proceeding from this, they allocate teaching aids at the level of the lesson, that is, handouts, the next group - on the level of the subject - didactic materials, textbooks, and the third group - at the level of the learning process in general - study rooms.

Classification of training tools in relation to technological progress is as follows: there are three groups. The first - traditional (libraries, museums, visual aids); The second is modern (multimedia, computers, media); The third - perspective (local and global computer networks, Web-sites).

There is in didactics and the concept of the function of teaching aids . It implies how the outwardly manifested means of instruction that are used in the educational process for a specific purpose. It is proved that the means of education is one of the main factors influencing the process of education and training. So which functions can be distinguished? In the first place, the means of training are designed to reduce the time spent on the perception of various educational information. In addition, they transmit all the necessary information. Another function is the ability to view the object as a whole and in parts. And they are also called to ensure the activities of the teacher and students. And for this in the lesson they should always be used in a complex way.