Carbonarii - is it a secret society or an influential revolutionary-minded movement?

Everyone who has not been privy to the subtleties of history, after hearing the name of society, will ask himself an interesting question: "Carbonarii is who?" In order to understand this most complicated issue, it is necessary to understand their structure, hierarchy and comprehend the goals pursued by them.

The concept of "carbonarium": interesting historical facts

Carbonarians are members of a secret organization based in Italy. Its fruitful functioning is dated by the XIX century. The main goal pursued by the adherents of this trend was the struggle for national freedom, a single and invincible country, as well as for the constitutional confident formation and power.

Carbonarii - this is not a specific "layer" of society, this current is absolutely diverse in its composition. Among the Carbonarians can be attributed representatives of the clergy, artisans and peasants, as well as adherents of the liberal world view of noble origin.

Characteristic features of the Society of Carbonarians

According to the structural division of the Carbonarians, the characteristic features of this organization are sacredness, hierarchy and the presence of mandatory symbols. For example, the ceremony of burning coal reflects the purification of the spiritual component of man.

At the dawn of the emergence of this society, there were two main degrees of initiation. They were students and masters. After a while, the number of ranks increased significantly, and instead of two, there were nine.

It should be noted that the Carbonarians are people in whose hearts and hearts the revolutionary spirit lives. The proof of this unwritten law is the revolutions of 1820-21 in Sicilian territory and 1831 in Italy, which were led by the Carbonarians.

What was the significance of the movement of the Carbonarians?

The task of this secret society was to eliminate the despotism of politicians and to establish a process of democracy. The appearance of future carbonars - the brotherhood of coal miners - according to different sources, is associated with the following periods in history:

• The reign of Francis I.
• The times of the early Middle Ages, namely the 11th century.
• The era of confrontation between the Ghibellines and the Guelphs.

From the political point of view, the world learned about the Carbonarias only at the beginning of the XIX century, at the time of the confrontation of the Bourbon dynasty and the rule of the French in Naples. The regulations of the French Carbonarians, no doubt, were borrowed from the Italian beginners of this trend. Carbonari in France obeyed a more severe unity and centralized management.

Activities of Italian carnarians

The Carbonari movement in Italy developed in several provinces, centered on Venice, Rome, Naples, Turin, Milan and Florence. There was no single apparatus to which they submitted. There were only intermediate "intermediaries" who helped to quell misunderstandings and provided a general direction for action.

Each of the communities had a certain plan and reforms, according to which and acted. But there was no unanimity in the actions, which all Italian carnarians would strictly adhere to. Members of these societies welcomed the monarchical ideas and were ready to find compromises with them. But the idea of creating a monarchical country appeared only in 1840.

Statutes and regulations of the Carbonarians

Each of the members of this secret society had to follow blindly the orders of the leading body and, if necessary, sacrifice their lives.

The society of the Carbonarians undoubtedly had its own regulations, according to which each new member was given an honorary diploma. The appearance was quite interesting and was a hand-written version with the signatures of the management and seal of the venta. In the central part of the diploma there stood the most holy Theobald, with a branch near the hut. Also on the cover was a flaming fire, a forest glade, a bowl and water. When joining the society, each carbonate received ribbons, which consisted of three colors, each of them had a designation. For example, red color symbolized the flame of fire, blue - smoke, black - coal, as well as faith, hope and virtue.

The need for members of society was monthly contributions, depending on the level of income. To ensure their own strength, each member of society wore weapons.

Exciting facts about the society of the Carbonarians

The dedication of the Carbonarians was quite constant and selfless, even simple Italians gave an oath of promise, called "the word of the Carbonarians." A special scope was the initiation rite of the Carbonari, which was pompous and solemn enough. He meant the incineration of coal. This burning symbolized a metamorphosis, thanks to which, a new member of society turned into a crystal-clear person from the spiritual point of view.

Thanks to the flow of the Carbonarians, depraved and bad ways were eradicated and led people to ease and freedom in everything.

The sacrament of initiation was performed in the conditions of the forest, near the hut of the venta carbona. This action was carried out in the presence of other members of society. The new man was put on a sack and sent to the "room for meditations", where he was in the presence of people who recommended him. Then the head of the society conducted his interrogation on the subject of morality. Then the newcomer was released and solemnly congratulated with the initiation into the ranks of the Carbonarians.