Andrianov compass - the ancestor of modern means of navigation

Going on an independent journey, each tourist carefully thinks through his route. In order not to deviate from the chosen path, navigation tools are needed. (Адрианова) – дешевый, надежный и компактный инструмент, помогающий путешественнику сориентироваться на местности. Compass Andrianova (Adrianova) - a cheap, reliable and compact tool that helps the traveler navigate the terrain.

Analog navigation devices versus digital

In today's world, which is flooded with all kinds of devices and gadgets, tourists often prefer an electronic GPS-navigator instead of a paper map and a compass, completely forgetting that the socket for charging the battery remained at home, and the satellite signal at the right time may disappear. An accurate and up-to-date topographic map in combination with a compass is still the main orientation tools for crossing the wilderness.

Moreover, special competitions are held on the so-called orienteering orienteering, where participants demonstrate their ability to navigate the route and follow it exactly, using only the map and the compass.

Varieties of compasses

First of all, the compasses are electronic and magnetic.

Electronic: radio compasses (reference - any source of radio waves), electronic tourist compasses (reference point - magnetic fields of our planet, the direction of which is determined by sensors on microcircuits) and GPS / GLONASS-navigators (reference point - signals and position of orbiting satellites). These are the most accurate and most modern tools for determining the position of an object in space.

Representatives of the next group - magnetic compasses - have been used by man for many millennia. For the first time, a product from a magnetic ironstone, pointing exactly one end to the South, and the other to the North, was invented in China more than two thousand years ago and was called "sonan" - "knowing the South."

), военные, геологические, гироскопические, астрономические и компасы-буссоли. Magnetic include tourist (including the Andrianov compass ), military, geological, gyroscopic, astronomical and compasses-bussols. All of them operate according to a single principle, are built according to similar schemes and differ only in some additions that make this or that kind of unique and determine the scope of this device.

A typical representative of his group is Andrianov's compass. Invented in the last century, this navigation tool is still actively used by tourists around the world.

Compass Andrianova (photo, creation history)

In 1907, a talented Russian engineer, military cartographer Vladimir Nikolaevich Adrianov, presented the first military compass to the command. Simplicity of design, reliability and accuracy brought the invention unprecedented popularity. In honor of the author, the device was named Adrianov's compass. In subsequent years up to our time, the name of the inventor was often distorted, adding the letter "n". ». So one of the most popular tools of the traveler received an additional, colloquial name " Andrianov compass ".

Compass design and operating principle

не претерпело кардинальных изменений за последнее столетие. The device of the compass Andrianov has not undergone drastic changes in the last century. This magnetic compass, transferred to the tourist group by modern classification, works on the principle of interaction of fields created by a permanent magnet with the magnetic fields of our planet.

This tool is a rugged case of round shape, covered with a transparent glass inside which a needle is rotating on the needle, the ends of which are marked with different colors - red and blue. The fringing of the case is made in the form of a dial and is supplemented by a rotating ring, on which there are two sighters. The device is equipped with a leather strap with clasps as a wristwatch. In the lateral part of the body there is a mechanism for fixing the arrow - the detent.

имеет внутреннюю камеру, заполненную воздухом. Andrianov compass has an internal chamber filled with air. In modern compasses, instead of air, an antifreeze liquid is used, which creates a viscous medium, which makes the arrow movements smooth and inert.

Basic principles of orientation

Before you start using the compass, you need to understand some of the theoretical basics.

Traditionally, four main directions are used in navigation: North, South, West, East. To more accurately determine the direction of motion introduced the concept of "azimuth".

The azimuth is the angle measured in degrees, clockwise from the North to the specified direction. In order to move from the current position to the final point (point) of the route, the tourist must know the azimuth and distance to the point, and also determine the position of the North. The first two values must be known in advance or can be determined from the map, and finding the North will help the compass.

Practical application of the Adrianov compass

. Before you start traveling, you need to remember how to use Andrianov's compass . First you need to pull the detent, thereby releasing the magnetic needle of the device. Then it is necessary to place the compass in the horizontal plane. After several rotations, the arrow slowly stops and its end, painted in blue, will point to the North. Next, you need to rotate the body of the device until the blue mark of the arrow points to the mark of the "C" dial. Thus, we determined the main directions of the world: "C" - North, "South" - South, "Z" - West, "B" - East.

Now it's time to determine the azimuth. First, we determine the price of dividing the dial scale of our compass. The entire circumference is 360 degrees. It is necessary to find next to the standing labels with numbers and from a larger number to take less. The result should be divided by the number of divisions (segments) between numbers. For example: on the dial there are values of 15 and 30, between them 3 segments (divisions). The price of one division is (30-15) / 3 = 5 degrees.

Now from the zero point ("C", North) clockwise, postpone the required azimuth, rotating the ring with the viewers. For example, to lay aside the azimuth at 75 degrees, you need to rotate the ring from the zero mark by 15 divisions clockwise.

Check the position of the arrow, it should still indicate a blue label on the "C". Now, looking through the slits of the viewers as a sight, we know exactly the direction of the movement along the given azimuth.

Compass Adrianova was and will be the most reliable and affordable tool for any traveler. Improving the orientation skills with the use of maps and compass, you can confidently move in the wild without risk of getting lost.