Accounting for intangible assets. Their reflection in accounting

Intangible assets are those long-term use objects that do not have a material and material structure, but have a valuation, are used for a long time (that is, more than twelve months) and in the future can bring the enterprise income (economic benefits).

The accounting of intangible assets is made by a separate object and by groups.

Intangible assets include the costs of the organization; Business reputation of the enterprise; The exclusive right of the holder of service marks and trademarks; Copyright to information databases; The exclusive right to industrial designs, unique models, inventions of the patent owner.

Consider intangible assets on the basis of the provision of accounting "Accounting for intangible assets."

They do not include in the composition of intangible assets such qualities of the personnel of the enterprise as business and intellectual, their ability to work and qualification, because they are inseparable from their carriers and can not be used without them.

Accounting for intangible assets is conducted on a special account 04, which is active. Intangible assets are reflected here at historical cost.

Accounting for the receipt of intangible assets depends on the type of contracts they enter the enterprise: constituent contracts; Licensed (open, exclusive, non-exclusive license); Contracts, which are concluded on the basis of the Law "On Protection of Trademarks and Marks"; Those that are concluded on the basis of a patent law; Contracts of commercial concession; Copyright agreements with individuals on the transfer of non-exclusive and exclusive rights to use works of art, literature and science.

When an enterprise manufactures intangible assets on its own and incurs specific costs, it may include material costs, taxation, labor costs, and so on.

In the accounting reference-calculation, the initial value of such intangible assets is formed. This accounting reference-calculation is a cumulative result, based on documents that confirm the costs incurred to create intangible assets. Intangible assets must be initially valued at cost, in spite of the way in which they enter the enterprise.

For each object, analytical accounting of intangible assets is carried out using cards of intangible assets under form No. HMA 1. On the basis of the receipt document, transfer (acceptance-transfer) and other documentation, such a card is filled in a single copy and kept in the accounting department.

Accounting for intangible assets at the enterprise is built on the basis of the accounting policy of the organization, which is approved by the head.

An intangible asset that was received as a result of the development should be reflected in the balance sheet provided that the enterprise has information for the reliable determination of costs that are associated with the development of an intangible asset; The possibility that economic benefits associated with its use will be obtained; Intention, technical capabilities and resources in order to bring the intangible asset to a state in which it can be used.

It should be noted that if the intangible asset does not meet the specified criteria, then the expenses associated with its creation or acquisition are recognized as expenses of the reporting period in which they were carried out without recognition of these expenses as an intangible asset.