Waste water treatment methods: the more, the better

The higher the level of development of civilization, the more waste it produces. Today, the most pressing issues of our time are: "Where do sewers go? How do I clean them?" What is sewage and waste water treatment? "

The purification of waters draining into the sewage system is a process whose purpose is to destroy or destroy harmful substances and impurities located in these waters. Some experts believe that this process is unified, but consists of several stages. Other each stage of purification is isolated as an independent method. In any case, with the rectification of sewage water, a wide variety of wastewater treatment methods are used . They are rectified with the help of:

• Reagents, chemicals;
• Filtration and settling;
• Electrolysis;
• Oxidation and other physical and chemical transformations;
• Bacteria, microbes, other microorganisms;
• All methods simultaneously (in stages).

The choice of a particular method depends on the final goal

Mechanical methods of wastewater treatment

The basic methods are filtration and settling. The largest mechanical contaminants are removed by means of gratings, with a smaller grasp the sieve.

Then the filtered water passes through the sand trap, special membranes and septic tanks.

Pollution from the surface is removed with oil, oil or gasoline traps. Settling together with the use of filters allows 75 to 95% purification of water from impurities, some of which are suitable for processing.

Chemical methods of wastewater treatment

This is the so-called purification method, in which reagents that decompose impurities are introduced into the waste water. From 25% of soluble and up to 75% of insoluble contaminants are eliminated by this method.

Physicochemical methods of wastewater treatment

With this cleaning, the most commonly used are:

1. Coagulation is the "gluing" of fine particles into large formations.
2. Oxidation is a reaction in which the contaminants are "burned" by the action of reagents.
3. Sorption - the absorption of reagents contamination from sewage.
4. Extraction - extraction from the water of dry substances.

The use of sorption, coagulation, extraction and other techniques helps to remove fine impurities, inorganic impurities, destroy organic matter or impurities that are poorly oxidized.

Biological methods of wastewater treatment

The essence of this method is that natural processes are used, as a result of which self-purification of reservoirs occurs. For the rectification of waste water, the following is often used:

1. Biofilters are devices through which water is filtered. From conventional biofilters are characterized by the fact that anaerobic microorganisms are being cultivated on their surface, which oxidize pollution.
2. Aerotanks - tanks for water treatment, built of reinforced concrete. Here, microorganisms, amoebas and infusoria create a mud during their lifetime, through which purification takes place. The amoebae, rotifers and other creatures that grow in the ooze contribute to the permanent rejuvenation of the silty substrate. Biological processes are developing rapidly, as organisms are provided with a constant supply of food - wastewater.
3. Biological ponds are artificial constructions for water upholding, working on the principle of natural self-cleaning. In the process, all organisms living in the pond are involved.

Electrolytic methods of sewage treatment

The most cost-effective are those where the sewage is contaminated with a large number of metal impurities: in the paint and copper industry, etc. The cleaning process is carried out in special containers.