Spastic tetraparesis

Spastic tetraparesis occurs for a variety of reasons. These include spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injury, spinal and cerebral strokes, acute circulatory disorders of the brain, the consequences of neurosurgical operations, neurodegenerative diseases, in particular multiple sclerosis.

There are several clinical types of disease, depending on the nature of the lesions. Spastic tetraparesis is an increase in muscle tone and manifests itself in the stiffness of the muscles of the lower and upper extremities.
Sometimes spastic tetraparesis manifests itself in the form of a tripartis, when one of the
Limbs do not suffer. Intellect is violated in the overwhelming majority of cases
Disease. Spastic tetraparesis may in some cases arise
Due to high intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus.

The most severe form of the disease with significant damage to the upper limbs is double hemiplegia, in which oligophrenia is observed in the degree of severe imbecility, debility, or idiocy. The disease is accompanied by significant motor impairment of all limbs, but the hands suffer more. Muscle tone is asymmetric, heavy lesions of hands, muscles of the trunk and facial musculature are noted. Disease entails a pronounced delay in mental and speech development. Children with such a disease can not sit, walk, serve themselves.

Tetrapeparesis in children is often combined with developmental anomalies and microcephaly, which is evidence of intrauterine damage to the child's brain.
In sick children with this form of paralysis in the first years of life are manifested
Symptoms of cerebellar lesions. Children with this disease do not keep their head, not
Sit, do not walk, can not keep balance. There is clearly a clear delay
Psychological development, the depth of which depends mainly on localization
Brain damage. The deepest delay in development occurs when the lesion
Frontal lobes. Violations in the cerebellum cause a lesser delay in development, but in
In this case, the symptoms of cerebellar lesions prevail. Spastic tetraparesis and
Lower paraparesis accounts for more than half of all cases of child
Cerebral palsy. The causes of the syndrome are
Extrapyramidal structures of the brain. As a result, it decreases
Braking control of the segmental apparatus of the spinal cord. Occurs
Pathological activation of the stretch reflex, which leads to an increase in tone
Muscles in such a disease as tetraparesis. Treatment to date includes the use of conservative therapies. It is also used
Neurosurgical and orthopedic surgery, rehabilitation.

The main goal of therapy is correction of disorders of the motor apparatus, reduction of spasticity, formation of the correct motor stereotype. International studies prove that conservative treatment is not effective enough to adequately correct spastic tetraparesis in cerebral palsy. In Russia, in contrast to Western countries, conservative therapy is the main method of treatment. Its main task is to eliminate or reduce the spastic syndrome. In turn, this leads to an increase in the volume of passive movements in the upper and lower limbs. The care for a sick child is facilitated, the risk of development of orthopedic deformations and fixed contractures is reduced.

If there is some force in the affected limbs, the volume
Active movements. With a reduction in spasticity, rehabilitation opportunities
Sharply increase.