Main management functions and their characteristics

Before considering the main functions of management, it is worth discovering the very concept of a management function. First of all, it should be noted that the management of the organization is a rather complex process, which includes various types of management activities. All the basic functions of management are in close interconnection, forming an integral system aimed at achieving certain goals. All the main functions of management are characterized by specific methods and methods. Let us consider what types of management activity constitute the general concept of the main management functions:

The basic, starting function of management is planning. The activities of a company or firm must begin with a plan. For completeness of the picture, it is not enough just to list the management functions, their characteristics will help to reveal the issue more deeply. Planning determines the goals and priority directions of the company's development, and also draws up a program of necessary actions aimed at achieving them.

It is accepted to divide planning by types: long-term, covering a period of time not less than 3 and up to 5 years; Mid-term - at least a year; Short-term - within the calendar year.

Experienced managers apply all types of planning. Professionalism of the manager consists in perspective thinking combined with practical actions, as well as in the ability to allocate goals. Results- based management is nothing more than a goal-based management uniting planning and control.

Thus, analyzing such a notion of management function as planning, we are closely connected with the control function, which is monitoring how effectively the organization achieves its goals, as well as, if necessary, adjusting deviations. Control allows you to timely identify and correct the problems that arise before they become irreversible. At the same time, control serves as a kind of link connecting all management functions, their characteristics will be presented later.

Equally important is the management function, such as organization. It includes both organizational design and the organization of the work process.

In the process of organizational design, the entire company is divided into blocks in the most important areas allocated to achieve the organization's goals. Here the powers of various posts and their relations are established.

The organization of the process is designed to ensure the normal functioning and interaction of various divisions of the company when achieving the set goals.

Organizational structure is formed in the process of organizational design, so this is nothing more than rules that are developed by managers to effectively allocate responsibilities and division of labor. The organizational structure allows for a transition from plans to actions.

Another management function is motivation, which is a process of stimulating the company's employees to perform activities that are strictly aimed at achieving its goals. Motivation, as management activity, uses the following levers of influence on the collective: moral and economic stimulation.

Stimulation is understood as the use of various incentives to motivate people. The manager's theory of motivation can be broken down as follows:

Theories of the process of motivation, revealing the dynamics of interaction of different motives;

Theories of the content of motivation, revealing and analyzing the factors of motivation.