General theory of statistics: subject and method

Statistics include systematic and systematic accounting, which is carried out within the country by government agencies. It includes digital data, which are published in various media and special reference books. Statistics are also presented as a scientific special discipline.

The subject of statistics is considered in three ways. General statistics, as a universal science, consider the mass phenomena of society and nature. As methodological science does not have its subject of knowledge, but only represents the doctrine of the method applied by social sciences. Statistics is a science that has its own methodology and subject. She is engaged in research of quantitative laws of development of a society.

The subject of statistics is the quantitative side of social, economic, mass phenomena and their connection with specific conditions and qualitative characteristics.

The general theory of statistics has the following features. It is a science that examines the quantitative characteristics of social phenomena. It also considers mass phenomena and their quantitative characteristics, which are in constant connection with the qualitative side. All this is implemented through the system of indicators. Statistics consider the quantitative aspect of phenomena in terms of time and place.

General statistics have their own methodology, by which they understand the system of principles and methods that implement them. They consider the quantitative patterns that manifest themselves in the dynamics of economic and social phenomena and the structure of interrelations. The main elements of the methodology of statistics are grouping and summaries, statistical mass observation, as well as analysis and application of statistical generalizing indicators.

Observation consists in the collection of primary data about the object. For example, a population census collects information about all people who are entered in a special form.

The second element, which is considered by the general theory of statistics, is a summary and grouping that represent the separation of the total set of data obtained at the observation stages into groups with homogeneous characteristics along one or more of the characteristics. For example, during the census, the data on the population are divided into groups (by education, age, sex, nationality, etc.).

The essence of statistical methodology lies in the definition and in the economic statistical interpretation of generalizing indicators and characteristics. The general theory of statistics includes the following indicators: relative, average, absolute, indicators of dynamics, variations, indices, etc. The three elements of the methodology described are also three stages that take place during any statistical research.

The general theory of statistics is based on concepts and categories, which in their totality express the basic principles of this doctrine. The most important of the concepts and criteria include regularity, signs, variations, aggregates.

The statistical aggregate includes a mass of single-quality phenomena of some kind that are limited in their existence in time and space.

The most important category is the statistical regularity, which is understood as consistency, repeatability, and the order of changes. Statistical regularity is defined as a quantitative characteristic of the change in time and space of the processes of society's life and mass phenomena, which consist of many different units of the population.