Algorithm for preparation of disinfecting solutions: types and methods of disinfection

To begin, perhaps, it is necessary that the algorithm for preparation of disinfecting solutions is not as complex as it seems at first glance. In the preparation of secondary and junior medical personnel, special attention is paid to the issues of disinfection. Because these people support the sanitary and epidemic regime in medical institutions.

Types of disinfection

Working disinfecting solutions are prepared immediately before cleaning. And its characteristics also depend on the characteristics of the solutions, for example, concentration and volume. There are four types of disinfection :

1. Prophylactic . It is regularly conducted in medical institutions to prevent the development of infectious diseases and patients, and staff.
2. Focal . Necessarily carried out by employees of the sanitary-epidemic station in the outbreak of infection with infectious diseases. This is necessary to stop the spread of infection and prevent massive infection.
3. The current one . Disinfection, which "accompanies" the patient. That is, it is held wherever there are those who are ill: at home, in an ambulance, in the box of an infectious hospital, in the ward.
4. The final. It is carried out in the center of infection by specially trained personnel after recovery or death of the patient.

Methods of disinfection

The amount and concentration of disinfectant solutions are also taken into account when choosing the method of disinfection. The mechanical method involves the removal of microorganisms from the human body, tools and surfaces by washing, washing, wet cleaning or ventilation. This is the simplest method of disinfection, and it is often used to pre-clean medical instruments.

The chemical method is based on the use of different groups of agents that affect microorganisms. They can create a film on the surface of the instrument, can kill bacteria or stop their growth. The choice of the drug depends on the desired final effect. Treatment can be in the form of irrigation, rubbing or falling asleep.

The biological method is based on the confrontation of different types of microorganisms. This allows you to achieve a monoculture of bacteria, which can then be destroyed by any other means. In modern disinfection, this method is no longer used because of its laboriousness.

The thermal method is one of the most common. This is known to all mothers boiling, pasteurization, as well as calcination by dry heat and autoclaving. Special facilities are equipped in medical institutions, so-called TSO (sterilization treatment center), where the disinfection of materials and instruments takes place.

Radial or physical method implies the use of ultraviolet rays for the neutralization of microorganisms (quartz).

Classification of disinfecting solutions

The algorithm for the preparation of disinfecting solutions depends on the basic substance, which is used for the elimination of microorganisms.

The following groups of drugs are distinguished:

1. Halogen compounds: chlorine, iodine, bromine. As a rule, these are alcohol solutions that are diluted with water. They cleanse the skin well and sterilize the surfaces in the operating rooms and wards.
2. Separately, there are chlorine-containing drugs, such as calcium hypochloride, zhaledon or chloramyl B.
3. For mechanical cleaning of wounds and wiping tools use oxygen-containing agents: hydrogen peroxide, viron, saxide. Getting to the contamination sites, they give a copious foam that not only kills the microbial agents, but also "pushes" them out of the damaged areas.
4. Aldehyde-containing drugs - lisoformin and bianol.
5. Surface active agents. Samokirovka and minstral are the most frequent representatives.
6. Alcohols include preparations based on ethanol, propanol and isopropanol. They form on the surface of the skin a film that does not allow colonization of bacteria. The same principle applies to medical instruments.

Precautionary measures

The algorithm for preparation of disinfectant solutions includes all available precautions against getting drugs on the mucous membranes, the respiratory tract or the stomach. The rules are primarily concerned with the age of the staff and the state of health.

1. To work with disinfectant solutions only persons who have reached adulthood are allowed. They are required to undergo a medical examination, as well as receive instructions on how to work properly with disinfectants, and sign in the safety journal.
2. Pregnant women, as well as young mothers who are breast-feeding children, are suspended from such work. This is due to the fact that in small doses the preparations still fall into the body of the personnel, which means they can harm the child.
3. All medical personnel should use glasses, respirators and protective gloves to reduce harmful effects on the body and prevent chemical burns.
4. The staff must undergo a medical examination without fail to identify the beginning of the occupational disease in time.

Preparation of the solution

The algorithm for preparing disinfectant solutions is quite simple. To clean surfaces in hospitals use solutions of bleach. The sequence of actions for diluting the powder is as follows:

1. Wear a bathrobe, mask, goggles and protective gloves.
2. A kilogram of dry chlorine lime is poured into a ten-liter bucket. Then slowly pour water into this container (10 liters), gently stirring.
3. Close the lid and leave for 24 hours.
4. Strain the solution, pour it into a bottle of dark glass, tightly cork and write a label indicating the date and time of the solution.
5. Shelf life of such a disinfectant is a week.