The car "GAZelle": engine diagnostics. Features, Instructions and Feedback

Unfortunately, not all novice carriers can afford to buy a new commercial car. And taking a car on credit is very dangerous now. The only way out is to start a business in the market of cargo transportation - to buy cars on the secondary market. However, a lot of reefs lie in wait for you. And the first thing you'll come across when buying is the engine. Therefore, it is so important to be able to diagnose the power unit and to know the symptoms of malfunctions. Today we will tell you how the engine diagnostics are performed on the GAZelle cars. This information will be useful not only for those who are going to buy commercial vehicles, but also for seasoned car owners.

Instruments

What is needed to successfully diagnose the engine? "GAZelle-Business" does not need specialized equipment. Prepare a minimum set - working gloves, rags and a notebook with a pen, where you will record all visible malfunctions.

Visual inspection

So, the first thing you should pay attention to is oil stains. Often the engine diagnostics ("GAZelle 405") are made by their own hands due to the "maslonor". However, it is not always the fault of the rings. So, the oil disappears through the crankshaft's sealed crankshaft seal. Recall that there are two. Distinguish between the front and rear seal. The element itself is quite simple and cheap. However, to replace it, you need to disassemble a lot of attachments. Even the slightest spots on the joints indicate that the engine has a problem with the oil system.

If the machine overheats (on the "GAZel", this happens because of a small fan impeller or a clogged radiator), oil can leak at the connection between the head and the cylinder block. Also check the ventilation hose for crankcase gases. It looks like this: The element must be blown in one direction. If it is blown into both or is generally clogged, this can cause increased pressure in the system. As a result - the crankshaft's sealed crankshaft seal and "sagged" gaskets.

Pay attention to the bolts that secure the cylinder head to the block. If they have scratches, then this motor has already been opened.

We check the antifreeze

Pay attention to the cooling system. In particular, inspect the expansion tank. On the "GAZelle" cars, engine diagnostics and SOD can be performed without the use of tools. It is enough to inspect the condition of the surge tank. If the machine was boiling, it will be seen by the characteristic oil stains and the color of the plastic. Also inspect the antifreeze. It should not have a red color. If this is the case, then the antifreeze has changed in the system for a very long time and has already lost all the cooling properties. Pay attention to the nipples that go from the radiator. They should be soft. If the tires are "oak", then the car was not given the proper attention. Solid connections can cause the cooling system to become depressurized. So, one moment they burst, and all the liquid flows out of them. The driver learns of a malfunction only when the pointer of the temperature sensor has jumped sharply in the red scale. But it's too late - the engine overheated.

How is the engine diagnosed further? "GAZel 405" with their own hands (with ZMZ-405) we start and inspect the antifreeze in the expansion tank once more. On idle and with the subsequent set of revolutions there should not be any bubbles or oil droplets (we mean motor lubricant, because the antifreeze itself is also slippery). If the coolant is bubbling, the cylinder head gasket has run out. This phenomenon looks like this:

The procedure for replacing it is as laborious an operation as the installation of new crankshaft oil seals. In addition, the sequence and torque of the bolts must be observed. Therefore, many prefer to "merge cheaply" the dead engine.

Oil condition

Further, the engine diagnostics ("GAZelle 406" with ZMZ is not an exception) is accompanied by extraction of the probe from the motor. Pay attention not only to its level, but also to the condition of the oil itself. It must be transparent. The presence of small shavings indicates the obvious wear of the crank and other parts of the ICE. Also, the oil should not have a burning smell. If there are bubbles and stains on the probe, this indicates that an antifreeze has entered the lubrication system. Here, two options - a punched gasket or a cracked block head. And visually determine the last case is not always possible. Repair can cost half the cost of the motor. Tosol is a very caustic compound. If it gets into the lubrication system, it damages the piston rings and cylinders. It is better to refrain from buying such a car.

Ignition system

How is the engine diagnosed in this area? "GAZelle-Next" with UMP-4216 needs to test the candles. They are under the armpits. Candles should not have a characteristic plaque. If on one of them there is a crack, then the motor worked with a knock. In the presence of a light deposit, one can judge the low quality of the oil used. The fused central electrode indicates omission or early ignition. Candles with oil indicate the wear of the piston rings and the ovality of the cylinders. As a result, the oil is not removed from the walls of the sleeve and enters the combustion chamber directly.

How else to check out "GAZelle"? Diagnosis of the engine at idle allows you to determine a variety of faults. Turns should not fall and be above / below normal (optimally - 800 per minute). The motor itself should not shake (meaning excessive vibration). If so, the engine cushions did not change in the car. They wear out to 150 thousand. If the mileage on the dashboard is less, then the seller wants to deceive you. But this is not the only feature by which you can find out the real mileage. Listen to the work of the motor. He should not chirr and make a rustle. If so, the timing chain is stretched and needs to be replaced. It varies by 130-140 thousand. On the run in 70 and even more so 50 thousand such a problem can not be in principle.

Diagnosis of the engine "Cummins"

"Gazelle" with a diesel engine produces very different sounds. Malfunctioning will be indicated by compression measurement. This is done with the help of such a device: Gasoline Compressometer is not suitable for measurements. Screw the device into place of the injectors and cut off the fuel supply. Measurement is made in three "rolling". Crankshaft is scrolled by a starter. Normal indications are from 26 and above. This will diagnose the motor. "GAZelle-Next" with a motor brand "Cummins" 2.8 equipped with a turbine, so in addition, and examine it. If there are traces of oil in the branch pipe (remember, the compressor on the "Cummins" is cooled without an intercooler), this indicates contamination of the filter or the wear of the turbine itself.

How can the seller deceive you with compression? It can be increased by adding a viscous transmission oil. Therefore, before measuring carefully look at the probe. The oil must be liquid and light. "Transmission" is more dense and dark.

Conclusion

So, we found out how the engine diagnostics are performed on the "GAZelle" cars. As you can see, all operations can be performed without special equipment and stands. The main thing is to know what to look for.